مطالعۀ پدیدارشناختی چالش‏های انتقال به یادگیری مجازی در دانشگاه‏های ایران با توجه به پاندمی کرونا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

10.61838/irphe.29.1.5

چکیده

بحران کووید-19، به صورت غافل‏گیرکننده‏ و در مدت زمان کوتاهی، نحوۀ آموزش در آموزش عالی را متحّول ساخت و آموزش به شیوۀ مجازی و مبتنی بر فناوری را بر دانشگاه‏ها تحمیل کرد. این تغییر ناگهانی، علاوه بر فرصت‏ها و مزایا، چالش‏های کوتاه مدت و بلندمدتی را پیش روی نظام آموزش عالی قرار داده که نیازمند مطالعۀ عمیق است. پژوهشِ حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش، کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی است. قلمرو پژوهش را مدیران آموزش مجازی دانشگاه های دولتی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری در برمی‏گیرند که از بین آنها 15 نفر ، با استفاده از روش نمونه‏گیری هدفمند، برای مصاحبه عمیق انتخاب شدند. برای تحلیل داده‏ها، از چرخه‏ تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعاتِ کرسول استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها نشان داد که چالش‏های فنی- اقتصادی و آموزشی، مهم‏ترین چالش‏های انتقال به یادگیری مجازی بود. چالش‏های فنی-اقتصادی در یک مقولۀ کلی و تحت عنوان «زیرساخت» استخراج شدند. چالش‏های آموزشی به ترتیب در هشت مقولۀ «عدم آمادگی استادان و آشنا نبودن با یادگیری مجازی»، «تولید محتوا»، «ارزشیابی و برگزاری آزمون»، «برگزاری دروس عملی»، «کمبود تعامل»، «عدم رضایت استاد و دانشجو از کنترل مرکزی»، «زمان» و «آموزش دانشجویان» استخراج شدند. راهبردهای انتقال موفقیت‏آمیز به یادگیری مجازی نیز به راهبردهای فنی-اقتصادی، آموزشی، راهبردهای رویارویی با مقاومت اعضای هیئت علمی، راهبردهای ایجاد تعامل در کلاس‏های مجازی و راهبردهای برگزاری دروس عملی استخراج شدند. در نهایت، باید گفت که اگرچه شیوع این ویروس، حداقل برای یک سال، بیشترین پیامد منفی را در فعالیت‏های حضوری، آموزشی، علمی و پژوهشی دانشگاه بر جای گذاشت، اما فرصت‏ها و مزیّت‌های بنیان‏ساز آن سبب انقلابی در آموزش، به ویژه یادگیری مجازی، خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Phenomenological Study of the Challenges of Transferring to Virtual Learning in Iranian Universities with Regard to the Corona Pandemic

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sheyda Echresh
  • Ali Beiramipur
  • Parsa

چکیده [English]

The Covid-19 crisis, surprisingly and in a short period of time, transformed the way of teaching in higher education and imposed virtual and technology-based education on universities.  This sudden change, in addition to opportunities and benefits, has brought short-term and long-term challenges to the higher education system that require profound study. The present research was applied in terms of purpose and phenomenological in terms of method. The scope of research included the directors of digital education of public universities affiliated with Ministry of Science and Technology. Using purposive sampling method, 15 of them were selected for in-depth interviews. Creswell data analysis cycle was used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed that technical-economic and education challenges were the most important challenges of transitioning to virtual education. Technical-economic challenges were extracted in a general category under the title of "infrastructure". Educational challenges were categorized into eight categories respectively: The educational challenges were categorized into eight categories, respectively: "teachers' lack of preparation and unfamiliarity with virtual learning", "content production", "assessment and examination", "conducting practical lessons", "lack of interaction", "faculty and student dissatisfaction with central control", "time" and "student teaching". Finally, it must be said that although this virus left the most negative consequences in the face-to-face, educational, scientific and research activities of the university for at least one year; however, its fundamental opportunities and benefits will cause a revolution in education, especially virtual learning.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Digital education
  • higher Education
  • e-learning managers
  • faculty members
  • Covid-19
  • coronavirus
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