فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
طراحی الگوی برنامۀ درسی نوآورانه در نظام آموزش عالی ایران: یک مطالعۀ کیفی
نویسنده
استادیارگروه نوآوری آموزشی و درسی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی الگوی برنامۀ درسی نوآورانه در نظام آموزش عالی کشور با استفاده از نظریه برپایه انجام شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه تمام متخصصان و صاحبنظران حوزه برنامه ریزی آموزشی و درسی در دانشگاهها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی تحت نظر وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری کشور بودند که تعداد 24 نفر از آنها ابتدا به روش هدفمند و سپس، با استفاده از روش گلوله برفی و نمونه گیری نظری برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که برنامه درسی نوآورانه شامل ابعاد ابهام پذیری، نوگرایی، جامعه گرایی، تحول گرایی، پیچیدگی، کمال گرایی، بازارمحوری، ارزش گرایی، نیازمحوری و ارتباط محوری است. بر اساس یافته ها عوامل علّی مؤثر بر توسعۀ برنامه درسی نوآورانه شامل ویژگی های آموزشگر، مدیریت، رویکرد دانشگاه، ساختار برنامه درسی، تمرکززدایی، منابع و روش های آموزشی، عوامل انگیزشی-حمایتی، عوامل ساختاری آموزش عالی و ویژگی های فراگیران است. عوامل زمینه ای مؤثر بر توسعۀ برنامه درسی نوآورانه شامل امکانات و تجهیزات دانشگاه، قوانین و مقررات، عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی، شرایط کاری و شغلی و عوامل اقتصادی است. عوامل مداخله گر مؤثر بر توسعۀ برنامه درسی نوآورانه شامل عوامل فناوری، سیاستگذاری ها و عوامل کلان مدیریتی است. راهبردهای پیشنهادی برای توسعه برنامه درسی نوآورانه شامل استفاده از نظرهای ذینفعان، انجام دادن مطالعات نیازسنجی، امکانسنجی و آینده پژوهی، تمرکززدایی در آموزش عالی، انجام دادن مطالعات اقدام پژوهی، تأمین بودجه و شرایط، برگزاری دوره ها و کارگاه های آموزشی، تأسیس مراکز اعتباربخشی، شناسایی و حمایت از افراد خلاق و ایده پرداز، تشکیل ساختارها و شبکه های رسمی و غیررسمی، تعیین نظام رتبه بندی دانشگاه ها بر اساس شاخص نوآوری و توجه به رویکرد یادگیری محوری و مدیریت دانش است. یافته ها نشان داد که مهم ترین پیامدهای اجرای برنامه درسی نوآورانه دستیابی به چشم اندازها، رسالت ها و اهداف اصلی آموزش عالی، توانمندسازی فراگیران، توسعه کارآفرینی و اشتغال پایدار، افزایش ارتباط دانشگاه با بازار کار و صنعت، بهبود شاخص های رفاه در جامعه و دستیابی به توسعه پایدار همه جانبه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Designing an innovative curriculum model in Iran's higher education system: A qualitative study
نویسنده [English]
- Maryam Hosseini Largani
Assistant Professor, Department of Studies in Educational Innovations and Training, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this study was to design an innovative curriculum model in Iran's higher education system by using Grounded theory. The study population consisted of all experts in the field of educational planning in universities and institutes of higher education affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Twenty-four of them were selected by purposive sampling method and then by snowball and theoretical sampling methods. The results indicated that innovative curriculum included dimensions of ambiguity, modernity, socialism, transformationalism, complexity, perfectionism, market orientation, value orientation, need orientation, and axial communication. According to the findings, the causal factors influencing the development of innovative curriculum included instructor characteristics, management, university approach, curriculum structure, decentralization, resources and teaching methods, motivational-supportive factors, higher education structural factors, and learner characteristics. Contextual factors influencing the development of an innovative curriculum included university facilities, rules and regulations, socio-cultural factors, working conditions, and economic factors. Intervention factors that influenced the development of innovative curriculum included technology, policy, and macro-management factors. Suggested strategies for developing innovative curricula included constituencies' feedback, need assessment studies, feasibility and future research, decentralization in higher education, action research studies, providing funding and conditions, conducting courses and workshops, establishment accreditation centers, the identification and support of creative and thinker individuals, the formation of formal and informal structures and networks, developing a university ranking system based on the innovation index, and paying attention on to pivotal learning and knowledge management approach. The findings showed that the most important consequences of implementing an innovative curriculum are achieving the core vision, missions, and goals of higher education, empowering learners, developing entrepreneurship and sustainable employment, enhancing the university's relationship with the labor market and industry, improving community well-being, and achieving a comprehensive sustainable development.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Innovative University
- Innovative curriculum
- Higher education review
- grounded theory
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