فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
سیاست‌های گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی در ایران و پیامدهای آن بر عدالت آموزشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه مطالعات مدیریت آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران.
2 کارشناس مسئول گروه مطالعات مدیریت آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
نیاز بازار کار به نیروی کار ماهر و مطالبات برابری‌خواهانه پس از جنگ جهانی دوم، زمینه گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی در جهان را فراهم آورده و این پدیده به امری جهان‌شمول تبدیل شده است. گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی در ایران نیز که با اهداف عدالت‌خواهانه آغاز شد، در دو دهه اخیر رشد چشمگیری داشته و این روزها به مسئله‌ای جدی در میان سیاستگذاران تبدیل شده است. در پژوهش حاضر با طراحی پژوهشی با رویکرد کیفی و در سه مرحله، هدف پاسخ به این سؤال اصلی بود که آیا گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی توانسته است در بهبود عدالت آموزشی با محوریت افزایش دسترسی به آموزش عالی نقش برجسته‌ای داشته باشد؟ در مرحله اول پژوهش که از طریق مصاحبه بدون ساختار با سیاستگذاران آموزش عالی انجام شد، چرایی گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی از نگاه آنان بررسی شد. در مرحله بعد شش سند توسعه پس از انقلاب از منظر سیاست‌های کلان گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی تحلیل و درنهایت، عدالت آموزشی در سال‌های توده‌گرایی از طریق واکاوی آماری در دو حوزه جنسیت و دهک‌های درآمدی بهعنوان مهم‌ترین متغیرها در حوزه تحلیل دسترسی به آموزش عالی بررسی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بر اساس نظر مشارکت‌کنندگان و نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل محتوای اسناد، سیاست‌های گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی با اهداف ارزشمندی چون بهبود عدالت آموزشی و بهبود فرصت دسترسی به آموزش عالی شروع شده، اما کژکارکردی‌ها در درک مفاهیم پایه‌ای چون دسترسی و عدالت آموزشی پیامدهای منفی خود را در آمارهای آموزش عالی نشان داده است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که گسترش کمّی علاوه بر دلالت‌های فراوان خود بر افت کیفیت دانشگاه، نتوانسته است مهم‌ترین هدف خود در حوزه عدالت آموزشی و دسترسی را نیز محقق سازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Higher education expansion policy in Iran and its impact on educational justice
نویسندگان [English]
- Somayeh Fereidouni 1
- shadi Rouhani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Higher Education Management Studies, Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran.
2 Lead Subject Matter Expert, Department of Higher Education Management Studies, Institution for Research and Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
After World War II, the need for skilled labors in the economic market and democratic demands provided the setting for higher education expansion in all over the world and this has become a universal phenomenon. In addition, higher education in Iran that initiated with the justice-seeking goals has experienced significant expansion in the last two decades. Nowadays expansion of higher education has been the main issue among the policy makers in Iran. By designing a qualitative research in three stages, the current research tried to answer the following main question: does higher education expansion in Iran play a significant role in improving educational justice and access to higher education? In the first stage of the research, which was conducted through10 unstructured interviews with higher education policy makers, the reasons for the quantitative expansion of higher education were examined from their point of view. After that, 6 after revolution official developmental documents were analysed. Finally, educational justice in the years of massivism were evaluated through statistical analysis in two areas of gender and income decks as the most important variables in the analysis of access to higher education. According to the participants’ points of view and official documents analysis, the results showed that higher education expansion initiated by the valuable goals such as improving educational justice and access to higher education. However, malfunction about some main concepts such as access and educational justice have show negative consequences on higher education statistics. The results also showed that higher education expansion has an impact on declining higher education institutions’ quality and it has failed to fulfil its most important goal in the field of educational justice and access.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Higher education expansion
- access
- Gender
- Economic class
- educational justice
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