فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
ارائه مدل ساختاری تبیین نیت کارآفرینانه دانشجویان کشاورزی بر مبنای ارزش‌های فرهنگی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
2 استاد دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
در سال های اخیر با حجم گسترده ای از دانش آموختگان رشته های کشاورزی مواجه هستیم که نمی توانند وارد بازار کار شوند و بر شمار بیکاران در این رشته هر ساله افزوده می شود. یکی از راه حل های این معضل افزایش گرایش دانشجویان و دانش آموختگان به کارآفرینی است. بنابراین، شناخت عوامل مؤثر در افزایش این تمایل در میان افراد بسیار مهم است. یکی از این عوامل فرهنگ حاکم بر جامعه است. در این پژوهش رابطه بین ارزش های فرهنگی و نیت کارآفرینانه در دانشجویان کشاورزی دانشگاه های دولتی استان کرمان بررسی شد. روش تحقیق کمّی و از نظر روش های دستیابی به حقایق و داده پردازی از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه آمـاری دانشجویان رشته کشاورزی در دانشگاه های دولتی استان کرمان بودند (4069N=). حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول مورگان 351 نفر برآورد شد، اما به منظور افزایش اعتبار پژوهش تعداد 405 نفر از دانشجویان دانشکده های کشاورزی با روش تصادفی ساده با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شدند. به منظور بررسی پایایی ابزار اندازه گیری از پایایی ترکیبی (CR) و آلفای کرونباخ (α) استفاده شد که نتایج آن تأیید کننده پایایی ابزار بود. برای بررسی روایی محتوایی ابزار اندازه گیری از نظر استادان گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران و برای ارزیابی روایی سازه از میانگین واریانس استخراج شده (AVE) استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از روش مدلسـازی معادله سـاختاری (SEM) و از نرم افـزارهای SPSS وLisrel اسـتفاده شـد. نتایج نشان داد که اجتناب از عدم اطمینان، گرایش بلندمدت و فردگرایی با نیت کارآفرینانه رابطه معنادار دارند و در مجموع، 22 درصد از واریانس نیت کارآفرینانه را تبیین می کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Presentation of a structural model to explain entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students based on cultural values
نویسندگان [English]
- Amir Afzali Goroh 1
- Mahmood Hosseini 2
- Ahmad Rezanfar 2
1 . Doctoral Student, Faculty of Economics & Agricultural Development, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Faculty of Economics & Agricultural Development, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
In recent years, we have faced a large number of graduates in agricultural sciences who cannot enter the labor market and the number of unemployed in this field is increasing every year. One of the solutions to this problem is to increase students and graduates' orientation to entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is very important to recognize the factors that influence the increase such an inclination among individuals. One of these factors is the dominant culture in the society. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cultural values and entrepreneurial intention in agricultural students at Kerman province's public universities. Research method was quantitative. In terms of access to facts and data processing, it was a descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of this study was composed of agricultural students in universities of Kerman province (N = 4069). Based on Morgan table, the sample size was estimated 351 individuals. To increase the validity of research, 405 students were selected based on simple random sampling method using proportional assignment. In order to verify the reliability of the instrument, the composite reliability (CR) and Cronbach's alpha (α) were used, and the results confirmed the reliability of the instrument. The Department of Agricultural Extention and Education faculty members at Tehran University confirmed the content validity of the instrument. Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was used to assess the construct validity. Structural Equation Modeling, and SPSS and Lisrel softwares were used for data analysis. Results showed that avoidance of uncertainty, long-term tendency and individualism had significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention. Overall, they explained 22% of entrepreneurship intention's variance.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Entrepreneurial intention
- Cultural values
- Hofstede
- Entrepreneurship
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