گرایش به مهاجرت در میان دانشجویان و نظر آنان درباره عوامل مؤثر بر مهاجرت

نویسندگان
فاطمه جلالی 1
مهرآفرین مشهدی موسی پور 2
سید وهاب امت محمدی 3
1 دکتری جامعه شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، روابط عمومی صنعت و بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم ارتباطات دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی ،تهران، ایران.
چکیده
در کشور ایران در سال‌های گذشته مهاجرت نیروی انسانی با توجه به افزایش گرایش به مهاجرت متخصصان اهمیت یافته است. در این مطالعه گرایش دانشجویان به مهاجرت و نیز گرایش احساسی، شناختی و رفتاری آنان و دلایل مطرح شده برای مهاجرت به‌وسیله پرسشنامه آنلاین بررسی شد. تحقیق حاضر پژوهشی کاربردی و روشِ تحقیق آن پیمایش است. برای سنجش متغیرها از طیف لیکرت، سؤالات چندگزینه‌ای و پرسش باز استفاده شد و متغیرها در هر چهار سطح اسمی، ترتیبی، فاصله‌ای و نسبی سنجیده شدند. جامعه آماری دانشجویان دانشگاه‌ها بودند و با روش نمونه‌گیری داوطلبانه با 760 نفر از دانشجویان مقاطع کارشناسی، کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری در رشته‌های مختلف مصاحبه شد. همچنین استخراج داده‌ها از پرسشنامه به‌وسیله محققان در نرم‌افزار SPSS صورت گرفت و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد؛ بدین صورت که ابتدا فراوانی هر یک از متغیرها بررسی و از آزمون‌های خی-دو، اسپیرمن و پیرسون برای نشان دادن همبستگی استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که میانگین گرایش به مهاجرت 3.6 بین متوسط تا زیاد است. از سوی دیگر، فقط 11 درصد از دانشجویان دوست ندارند مهاجرت کنند، 15 درصد شناخت چندانی درباره مهاجرت و فرایندهای آن ندارند و 20.5 درصد برای مهاجرت اقدامی نکرده‌اند. حدود 11 درصد نیز هیچ­ گونه گرایشی به مهاجرت ندارند. همچنین افراد ارزیابی مناسبی از شرایط اجتماعی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و ... در ایران ندارند و تصور می‌کنند که با مهاجرت شرایط بهتری خواهند داشت. 87 درصد از زنان نیز عنوان کرده‌اند که در صورت مهاجرت سبک زندگی­شان را تغییر خواهند داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Immigration attitude among students and their opinions about factors affecting immigration

نویسندگان English

Fatemeh Jalali 1
Mehrafarin Mashhadi Mousapour 2
Seyed Vahab Omat Mohammadi 3
1 Phd of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Phd student of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Master's student, public relations of industry and commerce, Faculty of Communication Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran-Iran.
چکیده English

I
In Iran, in the past years, the migration of human resources has become important due to the increase in the trend of specialist migration. So, this study seeks to study the attitude of immigration students, and in this regard, it examines their emotional, cognitive, and behavioral attitudes and the reasons for migration by online questionnaire. The present study is an applied research and its research method is survey. Likert scale, multiple choice questions and open questions were used to measure the variables and the variables were measured at all four levels: nominal, ordinal, interval and relative. The statistical population was university students and 760 undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students in different fields were interviewed using voluntary sampling. Also, data extraction from the questionnaire was done by the researchers in SPSS software and data analysis was also done using SPSS software; in such a way that initially the frequency of each variable was examined and the Chi-square, Spearman and Pearson tests were used to show correlation. On the other hand, the findings of this study showed that the average attitude to migrate is 3.6 is between moderate to high. Only 11% of students don't like to immigrate, 15% don't know much about immigration and its processes, and 20.5% have not taken any steps to immigrate. Also, about 11 percent do not have any attitude to migrate. The present study showed that people have a proper assessment of social, political, and economic conditions. They don't have them in Iran and think they will have better conditions by emigrating. Also, 87% of women said they would change their lifestyle if they migrated.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

immigration
attitude
immigration attitude
student immigration

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  • تاریخ دریافت 27 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 11 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 فروردین 1405