تأثیر شخصیت فعال بر رفتار کارآفرینانه دانشجویان ایران: ارزیابی نقش میانجی و تعدیل­گر قصد کارآفرینانه و جنسیت

نویسندگان
محمد سنائی 1
نعمت اله شیری 2
راضیه صدرایی 3
حسین مهدیزاده 2
1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه کارآفرینی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه کارآفرینی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
3 استادیار، مدرسه کسب و کار استون، دانشگاه استون، بیرمنگام، ، انگلستان
10.61838/KMAN.IRPHE.31.4.3
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر شخصیت فعال بر رفتار کارآفرینانه با نقش میانجی قصد کارآفرینانه و نقش تعدیل­گر جنسیت در میان دانشجویان نظام آموزش عالی ایران و همچنین به‌منظور درک بهتر نقش عوامل شخصیتی در تقویت رفتارهای کارآفرینانه و ارائه راهکارهای عملی برای بهبود آموزش کارآفرینی در میان دانشجویان انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری تمام دانشجویان مقاطع کاردانی، کارشناسی، کارشناسی ‌ارشد و دکتری در نظام آموزش عالی ایران بودند. روش نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت تصادفی ساده و در بستر فضای مجازی (آنلاین) انجام شد و تعداد 506 دانشجو به ­عنوان نمونۀ آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه استانداردی بود که روایی آن از طریق نظرسنجی از متخصصان و محاسبه روایی سازه‌ای ارزیابی و پایایی ابزار نیز با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی تأیید شد. داده‌ها با نرم‌افزارهای آماری SPSS نسخه 26 وSmartPLS  نسخه 4 تجزیه­ و تحلیل شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که شخصیت فعال بر رفتار کارآفرینانه تأثیر مثبت و معنادار دارد. افرادی که شخصیت فعال‌تری دارند، تمایل بیشتری به انجام دادن رفتارهای کارآفرینانه نشان می‌دهند. شخصیت فعال بر قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان اثرگذار است و این قصد بر رفتارهای کارآفرینانه تأثیر مثبت دارد. قصد کارآفرینانه به‌عنوان یک متغیر میانجی عمل و رابطه بین شخصیت فعال و رفتار کارآفرینانه را تقویت می‌کند. یکی دیگر از جنبه‌های بررسی شده، نقش تعدیل­گر جنسیت بود. نقش جنسیت به‌عنوان یک متغیر تعدیل­گر در رابطه بین شخصیت فعال و قصد کارآفرینانه و همچنین رفتار کارآفرینانه دانشجویان از نظر آماری معنادار نبود. این نتیجه نشان می‌دهد که تأثیر شخصیت فعال بر رفتارها و قصدهای کارآفرینانه، مستقل از جنسیت دانشجویان است. یافته‌های این پژوهش از نظر کاربردی اهمیت فراوانی دارد و می‌تواند به سیاستگذاران و آموزشگران در طراحی برنامه‌های آموزشی و کارآفرینی کمک کند. با توجه به تأثیر مثبت شخصیت فعال بر رفتار کارآفرینانه، تدوین برنامه‌هایی که به تقویت این ویژگی شخصیتی در دانشجویان کمک کند، می‌تواند به افزایش تمایل آن‌ها به فعالیت‌های کارآفرینانه منجر شود. نبود تأثیر معنادار جنسیت نشان می‌دهد که برنامه‌های آموزشی کارآفرینی باید برای هر دو جنسیت به‌صورت یکسان طراحی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of Active Personality on Entrepreneurial Behaviour among Iranian Students: Evaluating the Mediating and Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Intention and Gender

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Sanaei 1
Nematollah Shiri 2
Razieh Sadraei 3
Mehdizadeh, Hossein 2
1 Department of Entrepreneurship and Rural Development, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Associate professor, Department of Entrepreneurship and Rural Development, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham, England
چکیده English

This study examines the impact of proactive personality on entrepreneurial behavior, considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention and the moderating role of gender among students in Iran's higher education system. The research aims to enhance understanding of personality traits in fostering entrepreneurship and provide practical insights for improving entrepreneurship education. The statistical population comprised associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral students in Iran’s higher education system. Using simple random sampling in an online setting, 506 students were selected. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire, whose validity was assessed via expert opinions and construct validity analysis, while reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Data analysis, conducted using SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 4, revealed that proactive personality significantly and positively influences entrepreneurial behavior. Students with a proactive personality are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Additionally, proactive personality affects entrepreneurial intention, which, in turn, enhances entrepreneurial behavior, indicating a mediating role of entrepreneurial intention. The study also explored gender as a moderating factor but found no statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention or behavior. This suggests that the influence of proactive personality on entrepreneurship is independent of gender. These findings have practical implications for policymakers and educators in designing entrepreneurship programs. Strengthening proactive personality traits in students can encourage entrepreneurial engagement. Moreover, since gender does not play a moderating role, entrepreneurship education should be designed equally for all students.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Proactive Personality
Entrepreneurial Behavior
Entrepreneurial Intention
Gender Analysis
Higher Education

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  • تاریخ دریافت 08 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 20 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار 10 آذر 1404