شناسایی مؤلفه‌های تفکر طراحی استادان دانشگاه فرهنگیان تهران از دیدگاه دانشجومعلمان

نویسندگان
مریم ابراهیم پور 1
پروین صمدی 2
پروین احمدی 3
افسانه نراقی زاده 4
1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی ، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا. تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا. تهران، ایران
4 استادیار، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.
10.61838/KMAN.IRPHE.31.3.6
چکیده
استادان به‌عنوان یکی از دروندادهای نظام آموزشی محسوب می‌شوند و در هدایت فرایندهای حیاتی تدریس و یادگیری نقش اساسی ایفا می‌کنند. ازاین‌رو، کیفیت نظام آموزشی با کیفیت استادان آن ارتباط نزدیکی دارد. از عواملی که به نظر می‌رسد می‌تواند بر توانایی استادان برای اجرای تدریس باکیفیت مؤثر باشد، می‌توان به شایستگی‌های استادان دانشگاه‌ها اشاره کرد؛ لذا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مؤلفه‌های تفکر طراحی استادان دانشگاه فرهنگیان انجام شد. این مطالعه به روش کیفی و از نوع پدیدارشناسی بود. شرکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش دانشجومعلمان دانشگاه فرهنگیان شهر تهران بودند که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند به شیوه معیارمحور انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق گردآوری شدند و این فرایند تا دستیابی به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. یافته‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای کیفی تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. با تحلیل عمیق مصاحبه‌ها، 352 کد استخراج و در قالب 36 مقوله اصلی دسته‌بندی شد. درنهایت، مقولات اصلی هم ­دسته ذیل 9 مؤلفه شامل همدلی و انسان‌محوری، تعریف مسئله، همکاری و کارگروهی، ریسک‌پذیری، پرسشگری انتقادی، خلاقیت و نوآوری، نمونه‌سازی، خوش‌بینی و تأثیرگذاری و ارزیابی و بهبود قرار گرفتند. بر اساس نتایج به ­دست آمده، شایسته است استادان دانشگاه فرهنگیان، که در کیفیت‌بخشی به آموزش معلمان آینده کشورمان نقش مهمی دارند و با توجه ‌به آنکه معلمان باید طراحان تجربه­ های یادگیری باشند، توجه خود را به ارتقای مهارت‌های همدلی، مشارکت و کارگروهی، خلاقیت، حل مسئله، تقویت انگیزه و خوش‌بینی، پرورش حس کنجکاوی و ... بیشتر معطوف سازند و تفکر طراحی را، که توانایی مقابله با چالش‌های پیچیده آموزشی را برای معلم فراهم می‌سازد، تقویت کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying the Components of Design Thinking among Professors at Farhangian University of Tehran: A Student-Teacher Perspective

نویسندگان English

Maryam Ebrahimpour 1
Parvin Samadi 2
Parvin Ahmadi 3
Afsaneh Naraghizadeh 4
1 Phd Student of Curriculum of Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Educational Management and Planning Group, Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Professors are considered one of the inputs of the educational system and play a fundamental role in guiding vital teaching and learning processes. Therefore, the quality of the educational system is closely linked to the quality of its professors. Among the factors that seem to influence professors' ability to deliver high-quality teaching are the competencies of university professors. Hence, the present study aimed to identify the components of design thinking among professors at Farhangian University. This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach. Participants in the research included student-teachers from Farhangian University in Tehran, selected using purposive sampling based on specific criteria. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Through in-depth analysis of the interviews, 352 codes were extracted and categorized into 36 main categories. Finally, these main categories were grouped under 9 components: "Empathy and Human-Centricity," "Problem Definition," "Collaboration and Teamwork," "Risk-Taking," "Critical Questioning," "Creativity and Innovation," "Prototyping," "Optimism and Impact," and "Evaluation and Improvement." Based on the results, it is imperative for professors at Farhangian University, who play a significant role in enhancing the quality of education for our country's future teachers, and considering that teachers should be designers of learning experiences, to focus more on developing skills in empathy, participation and teamwork, creativity, problem-solving, fostering motivation and optimism, nurturing curiosity, and strengthening design thinking, which equips teachers with the ability to confront complex educational challenges.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Professors
Design Thinking
Student-Teachers
Farhangian University
Abbasi Kasani, H., Shams Mourkani, G., Seraji, F., & Rezaeizadeh, M. (2023). Pathology of formative assessment in the Iranian e-learning system: Phenomenological examination of professors' views. Research in Teaching, 11(2), 27-52. https://trj.uok.ac.ir/article_62814_en.html
Abolhasani, Z., Dehghani, M., Javadipour, M., Salehi, K., & Mohamad Hasani, N. (2022). Design pattern for the implementation of work and technology curriculum based on design thinking in secondary school. Training & Learning Researches, 18(1), 33-52. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://tlr.shahed.ac.ir/article_3537.html%3Flang%3Den&ved=2ahUKEwiP-5LexaePAxWsj4kEHToaCQsQFnoECBkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2aoXdbPCd06xUHOF7LrfTd
Abolhasani, Z., Dehghani, M., Javadipour, M., Salehi, K., & Mohamad Hasani, N. (2022). An analysis of the role of design thinking in promoting the 21st-century skills: A systematic review, Technology of Education Journal, 16(1), 81-98. https://jte.sru.ac.ir/article_1647.html  
Abolhasani, Z., Dehghani, M., Javadipour, M., Salehi, K., & Mohamad Hasani, N. (2022). Analysis of Design Thinking Models and Identifying their Role and Dimensions: A Systematic Review, Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations, 20(80), 7-34. https://noavaryedu.oerp.ir/article_142332.html?lang=en
Ahmadi, S., Ahmadi, M. S., & Ramazani, A. (2021). Assessing the education quality of faculty members from students' viewpoint at Zanjan Farhangian University. Educational Development of Jundishapur, 11(4), 706-715. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abbas-Ramezani-3/publication/382336617_Assessing_the_Education_Quality_of_Faculty_Members_from_Students'_Viewpoint_at_Zanjan_Farhangian_University/links/67fb74dadf0e3f544f4107e4/Assessing-the-Education-Quality-of-Faculty-Members-from-Students-Viewpoint-at-Zanjan-Farhangian-University.pdf
Akrami, Z. (2024). Designing and Validating the Model of Empowering Faculty Members to Encourage Students to Engage in Entrepreneurial Activities. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 30(1), 58-77. https://doi.org/10.61838/KMAN.IRPHE.30.1.4
Alipoor, F., Romiani, Y., & Yarahmadi, M. (2024). Developing and validating a recruitment model for faculty members at the University of Farhangian with emphasis on upstream documents: A mixed study. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 29(4), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.61838/KMAN.IRPHE.29.4.7
Arabi Juneghani, A. (2022). Improving the performance and involvement of sixth grade students in mathematics and their attitude towards this lesson through collaborative prototyping of digital educational games with a design thinking approach
Avsec, S. (2021). Design thinking to enhance transformative learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8759-3_16
Avsec, S., & Ferk Savec, V. (2022). Mapping the relationships between self-directed learning and design thinking in pre-service science and technology teachers. Sustainability, 14(14), 8626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148626
Beligatamulla, G. (2021). Design thinking pedagogy: A phenomenographic study of design thinking teaching in the higher education context https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210530/1/Gnanaharsha%20Beligatamulla_Beligatamulle%20Kankanamlage_Thesis.pdf
Beligatamulla, G., Rieger, J., Franz, J., & Strickfaden, M. (2019). Making pedagogic sense of design thinking in the higher education context. Open Education Studies, 1(1), 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2019-0026
Beverland, M. B., Wilner, S. J. S., & Micheli, P. (2015). Reconciling the tension between consistency and relevance: Design thinking as a mechanism for brand ambidexterity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(5), 589-609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0443-8
Brown, T. (2008). Design thinking. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 84-92. https://designthinkingmeite.web.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/22337/2020/02/Tim-Brown-Design-Thinking.pdf
Carlgren, L., Rauth, I., & Elmquist, M. (2016). Framing design thinking: The concept in idea and enactment. Creativity and Innovation Management, 25(1), 38-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12153
Carroll, M. P. (2014). Shoot for the moon! The mentors and the middle schoolers explore the intersection of design thinking and STEM. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER), 4(1). https://doi.org/10.7771/2157-9288.1072
Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/a-concise-introduction-to-mixed-methods-research/book266037
Davis, B. M. (2010). Creativity & innovation in business 2010 teaching the application of design thinking to business. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(4), 6532-6538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.062
Dosi, C., Rosati, F., & Vignoli, M. (2018). Measuring design thinking mindset. In DS 92: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018 15th International Design Conference, 1991-2002. https://doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0493
Drews, C. (2009). Unleashing the full potential of design thinking as a business method. Design Management Review, 20(3), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7169.2009.00020.x
Efeoglu, A., Møller, C., Sérié, M., & Boer, H. (2013). Design thinking: characteristics and promises. 14th International CINet Conference on Business Development and Co-creation. https://vbn.aau.dk/files/176789431/cinet_2013_nijmegen_efeoglu_et_al_cinet_version.pdf
Ericson, J. D. (2022). Mapping the relationship between critical thinking and design thinking. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(1), 406-429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00733-w
Farasatkhah, M. (2012). What problems do Iranian universities face? Interview with Sala student Library of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran.
Gaulton, J., Crowe, B., & Sherman, J. (2023). How design thinking and quality improvement can be integrated into a "human-centered quality improvement" approach to solve problems in perinatology. Clinics in Perinatology, 50(2), 435-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2023.01.006
Ghaderi, M., Jahani, J., Mohamadi, M., & Shafiei, M. (2019). Design and validation of design thinking ability evaluation scale in Farhangian University students. Journal of Training in Police Sciences, 7(4), 71-90.
Greenwood, L., Knott, K., & DeVoss, D. (2019). Dissensus, resistance, and ideology: Design thinking as a rhetorical methodology. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 33(4), 400-424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651919854063
Guaman-Quintanilla, S., Everaert, P., Chiluiza, K., & Valcke, M. (2023). Impact of design thinking in higher education: a multi-actor perspective on problem solving and creativity. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 33(1), 217-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-021-09724-z
Hassi, L., & Laakso, M. (2011). Design thinking in the management discourse: Defining the elements of the concept.
Hatami, J. (2016). The challenge of teaching humanities in Iranian universities: a qualitative study. Quarterly Journal of Research in Educational Systems, 10(32), 234.
Jussila, J., Raitanen, J., Partanen, A., Tuomela, V., Siipola, V., & Kunnari, I. (2020). Rapid product development in university-industry collaboration: Case study of a smart design project. Technology Innovation Management Review, 10(3), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1336
Kadkhodaie, A., Tafti, A. A., Khademi Ashkezari, P., & Ahmadi, R. (2017). The necessity of rethinking university education models in humanities with an emphasis on social constructivism approach: A proposed model https://www.sid.ir/paper/262634/en
Keramati, E. (2013). Explanation of hidden curriculum in the Iranian higher education: The roots, assumptions, experiences and outcomes PhD thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad]. Faculty of Education and Psychology.
Khanifar, H., & Moslemi, N. (2018). The principles and basics of qualitative research methods (a new and practical approach). Negahedanesh.
Khastar, H. (2009). Presenting a method for calculating the reliability of the coding stage in research interviews. Methodology of Social Science and Humanities, 15(58), 161.
Kimbell, L. (2011). Rethinking Design Thinking: Part I. Design and Culture, 3(3), 285-306. https://doi.org/10.2752/175470811X13071166525216
Kushi, Z., & Soltani, A. (2015). Prediction of Professor's Teaching Quality Based on Their Philosophic Mindedness and Job Motivation. Training & Learning Researches, 12(2), 29-48. https://tlr.shahed.ac.ir/article_2446_en.html?lang=fa
Lake, D., Flannery, K., & Kearns, M. (2021). A cross-disciplines and cross-sector mixed-methods examination of design thinking practices and outcomes. Innovative Higher Education, 46(3), 337-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-020-09539-1
Lake, D., Guo, W., & Chen, E. (2024). Design Thinking in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges for Decolonized Learning. Teaching and Learning Inquiry, 12. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/TLI/article/view/72970
Liedtka, J. (2017). Evaluating the impact of design thinking in action. In Academy of Management Proceedings, 2017(1), 10264. https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/AMBPP.2017.177
Lor, R. R. (2017). Design thinking in education: A critical review of literature.
Luka, I. (2019). Design thinking in pedagogy: Frameworks and uses. European Journal of Education, 54(4), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12367
Mahdavi, N., Niknam, Z., Attaran, M., & Mousapour, N. (2021). Unpredictable Curriculum; As a Consequence of the Corona and Post-Corona Eras. Journal of Theory and Practice in Curriculum Studies, 9(17), 155-186. https://www.jcstpicsa.ir/article_191848.html?lang=en
Matthee, M., & Turpin, M. (2019). Teaching critical thinking, problem solving, and design thinking: Preparing IS students for the future. Journal of Information Systems Education, 30(4), 242-252. https://aisel.aisnet.org/jise/vol30/iss4/5/
McKinsey, & Company. (2021). Defining the skills citizens will need in the future world of work. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/ourinsights/defining-the-skills-citizens-will-need-in-the-future-world-of-work. https://emplea.ceu.es/wp-content/uploads/defining-the-skills-citizens-will-need-in-the-future-world-of-work.pdf
McLaughlin, J. E., Chen, E., Lake, D., Guo, W., Skywark, E. R., Chernik, A., & Liu, T. (2022). Design thinking teaching and learning in higher education: Experiences across four universities. PLoS One, 17(3), e0265902. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265902
McLaughlin, J. E., Lake, D., Chen, E., Guo, W., Knock, M., & Knotek, S. (2023). Faculty experiences and motivations in design thinking teaching and learning.
Mohebiamin, S. (2014). Identifying the teaching culture and creative teaching requirements in the university
Naghshbandi, S. (2020). Exploring the impact of experiencing design thinking on teachers' conceptualizations and practices. TechTrends, 64(6), 868-877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00517-0
Naugk, N., & Kofahl, P. (2023). Design thinking in teacher training using the example of multilingual didactics.
Panke, S. (2019). Design thinking in education: Perspectives, opportunities and challenges. Open Education Studies, 1(1), 281-306. https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2019-0022
Roodi, M., & Jafari, E. (2024). Identifying Effective Teaching Behaviors from Students' Point of View: A Critical Incident Technique. Journal of Higher Education Curriculum Studies, 14(28), 325-356. https://www.sid.ir/paper/1499145/en
Salehi Zadeh, M., Ghourchian, N., Mohammad Davoodi, A., & Ghavavandi, H. (2019). Providing a Model for Improving the Quality of Teaching Professionals at Farhangian University Professors. Research in Teaching, 7(2), 227-249. https://www.sid.ir/paper/262626/en
SamKhanyān, M. R. (2009). Creativity and innovation in educational organizations (concepts, theories, techniques, and measurement). [Media specialized]. Tehran.
Schweitzer, J., Groeger, L., & Sobel, L. (2016). The design thinking mindset: An assessment of what we know and what we see in practice. Journal of Design, Business & Society, 2(1), 71-94. https://doi.org/10.1386/dbs.2.1.71_1
Scott, D., & Lock, J. (2021). Teacher as Designer. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9789-3
Serrat, O. (2010). Design thinking. Knowledge Solutions, 78, 1-6.
Shahmohammadi, A., Azizi, N., & Bahmani, M. (2023). Development of a Model to Improve the Teaching Quality of Faculty Members of the Distance Education System (Case Study Payam Noor University). Research in Teaching, 11(1), 116-138. https://journals.uok.ac.ir/article_62695_9123359c6855cb7099190645fe60ed60.pdf
Shalley, C. E., & Gilson, L. L. (2004). What leaders need to know: A review of social and contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 33-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.004
Sohbatlo, A., & Taheriniya, A. (2023). The Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Farhangian University Instructors on Virtual Education Classes During the Covid Time. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 29(1), 79-112. https://doi.org/10.61838/irphe.29.1.4
Talebi, S., Nili Ahmadabadi, M. R., Fardanesh, H., & Delavar, A. (2023). Investigating the effectiveness of "Instructional Design Thinking" on the instructional design capability of educational technology students. Technology of Education Journal, 17(4), 709-728. https://jte.sru.ac.ir/article_1924_en.html
Wrigley, C., & Mosely, G. (2022). Design thinking pedagogy: Facilitating innovation and impact in tertiary education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003006176
Yasbolaghi Sharahi, B., & Moradi, R. (2024). The effectiveness of the design thinking teaching strategy on the problem-solving ability of elementary school students in the course of thinking and research. Research in Teaching, 11(3), 114-129. https://trj.uok.ac.ir/article_62929_en.html?lang=en
Zabor, A. (2021). Assessment of design thinking implementation possibilities in higher education. [Journal not provided].
Zarei, M., Zainalipour, H., & Samavi, A. (2023). A STEAM-based educational package based on the design thinking model and its effectiveness on 6th grade elementary students. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 18(68), 223-246. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.jcsicsa.ir/article_150163.html%3Flang%3Den&ved=2ahUKEwiMuP-yx6ePAxV1k4kEHUFNBlIQFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0bFk9Aoni8fBxdBKMAz4F3

  • تاریخ دریافت 11 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 09 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 مهر 1404