راهبردهای آموزشی مبتنی بر مغز اجتماعی با تأکید بر تکنیک های تعاملی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.
2 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، ایران.
10.61838/KMAN.IRPHE.31.2.1
چکیده
نظام‌های آموزشی در حال تحوّل هستند و آخرین انقلاب­ در آموزش، آموزش و یادگیری مبتی بر مغز است. تحقیق حاضر به ­قصد پاسخگویی به این سؤال انجام شد که آموزش مبتنی بر مغز اجتماعی چیست و کیفیت (راهبردهای) این آموزش‌ چگونه است؟ از آنجا که سؤال بر چگونگی آموزش استوار است، به­ راهبرد­شناسی آموزش مبتنی بر مغز اجتماعی با اتکا به شواهد تحقیقاتی اقدام شد. این کار به­ روش اسنادی و مروری انجام شده است. جمع ­آوری داده ­ها بر اساس جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعات علمی بود. ابزار جمع ­آوری نیز فیش­ برداری از اسناد مکتوب بود که تحت معیار 1. انتخاب تعمّدی با رجوع به اسناد مرتبط ­تر، معنادارتر، پراستنادتر و نمایاتر؛ 2. انتخاب انباشتی با تکیه بر منابعِ هر سند؛ 3. تطابق کلیدواژه­ انتخاب شدند. استخراج و گزارش نتایج بر اساس تحلیل محتوای کیفی اسناد بود. اعتبار تحقیق بر اساس اعتبار اسناد و توافق موضوعی و رعایت کدهای اخلاق در پژوهش ­های اجتماعی تأمین شد. 18 استراتژی درباره چگونگی آموزش مبتنی بر مغز اجتماعی با تکیه بر روش ­های تعاملی استخراج شد. این نتیجه به­ دست آمد که مبنای نظری و تجربی مغز اجتماعی و آموزش مبتنی بر مغز اجتماعی، در وهله اول توجه به «تعامل اجتماعی» برای به حداکثر رساندن اثرهای آموزش (یادگیری) است. در این آموزش عنصر تعامل و اتصالات عصب اجتماعی غالب است. استراتژی­ ها عبارت­­ اند از: انواعی از آموزش تعاملی در زمینه­ های گروهی، گفتگومحور و محاوره­ای، مبتنی بر استدلال و تفکر انتقادی، مسأله­محور، پروژه­محور با فرصت تحقیقاتی، تطبیقی، تلفیقی، یاددهی-یادگیری، مبتنی بر تجارب و روایات، آهنگین با تداعی­ های حسی، آموزش از طریق بازی و بازیوارسازی، گروه­بندی و مشارکت تحصیلی، حرکت و جنبش، به ­کارگیری مدل­ ها و نظریه ­ها در متن زندگی، استفاده از رویدادها و منابع خبری، یکپارچه­ سازی آموزش دیجیتال و زنده، کاربرد طنز و تمثیل و نقش‌آفرینی. بر این اساس به­ کارگیری راهبرد­های آموزش مبتنی بر مغز اجتماعی به­ ویژه در آموزش علوم اجتماعی می ­تواند موجب بهبود آموزش و یادگیری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Social brain based educational strategies with Focusing on interactive techniques

نویسندگان English

SeyedehHajar Hosseini 1
Ahmad Kalateh Sadati 2
1 PhD student in sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Iran
چکیده English

Educational systems are changing. One of the recent strategies is social brain based education. The present research was conducted with the aim of answering the following question: What is social brain based learning? And how is the quality of this education? Since the question is based on how to teach; therefore, after the conceptual and theoretical explanation, a number of educational strategies based on the social brain were mentioned, relying on the available experimental evidence. This work was done by documentary and review method. The tool of collection was taking copies of written documents which is based on the criteria (1.Purposeful selection by referring to more relevant, meaningful, well-referenced and representative documents; 2.Cumulative selection based on the sources of each document; 3. Matching the keywords of the documents) were selected. The collection was based on searching keywords in scientific databases. Extracting and reporting the results was based on the thematic content analysis of the documents. The validity of the research was secured based on the validity of the documents and compliance with the codes of ethics in social studies. 18 strategies on how to teach social brain based on interactive techniques were extracted. It was concluded that the theoretical and empirical basis of the social brain and education based on the social brain is to first pay attention to "social interaction" to "maximize the effects of education (and learning)". In this training, the category of "interaction and social nerve connections" is more important. The strategies are: Interactive training in group contexts. Dialogue-oriented and conversational, Based on reasoning and critical thinking, problem-oriented, Project-oriented with research opportunities, Comparative, integrated, Teaching-learning, Based on experiences and traditions, melodious with sensory associations; based on games and gamification, Grouping and academic participation, Movement and vibrancy, Applying models and theories in the context of life, Using events and news sources, Integrating digital and live education, Using humor and allegory, and role playing. Based on these findings, the use of social brain-based teaching strategies, especially in social science education, can improve teaching and learning.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Education
brain based educational strategies
social brain
Social interaction
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