سیاست‌پژوه و سیاست‌گذار؛ بررسی عوامل موثر بر اثربخشیِ تحقیقات سیاستی در خط مشی‌های دولتی علم در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مقصود فراستخواه 1
رضا منیعی 2
1 استاد، گروه برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه آینده پژوهی و نظریه پردازی در آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران
10.61838/KMAN.IRPHE.30.4.2
چکیده
گزارش شاخص جهانی دانش نشان می­ دهد رتبه ایران در برخی شاخص­ ها مثل دروندادهای نظام آموزش عالی، سرمایه دانش، مقدار تحقیقات و بعضی محصولات ناشی از آن نسبتا متوسط، اما در خروجی ­ها بویژه تأثیر نهایی تحقیقات جزو نازل­ ترین رتبه­ های جهانی است. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر اثربخشی تحقیقات سیاستی در نظام تصمیم‌گیری و سیاستگذاری علمی و آموزش عالی است. روش کمی پیمایش برای آزمون فرضیات انجام شده است. نمونه‌ای تصادفی متناسب با حجم از اعضای هیأت علمی و پژوهشگران شش نهاد سیاست پژوهی در حوزه علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری انتخاب شدند. دو آزمون کایزر_مایر_اولکین و آزمون کُرویت بارتلت و سپس تحلیل عاملی با چرخش واریماکس، آنگاه مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و در نهایت تکنیک تحلیل نقشه اهمیت_عملکرد به کار رفته است. از شش فرضیه بجز فرضیه دوم بقیه تأیید شد. وضعیت محققان از حیث «مهاجرت و مهجورت یا اقامت فعال» با «ساختار و رفتار دولت در زمینه علم و استقلال نهاد دانشگاه و آزادی محققان و تمرکز زدایی و سیاسی زدایی» ارتباط دارد. سه دسته مداخله‌های «1. مدیریتی و سازمانی،  2. تعاملی و 3. مداخله‌های خود محققان» در استراتژی‌ها و تاکتیک‌های پژوهشی آن‌ها تأثیر دارد. این راهبرد و تاکتیک‌ها نیز به نوبه خود بر «اثربخشی تحقیقات هم در خط مشی سازی عمومی برای دولت و هم در تاثیرات گفتمانی و اجتماعی علم» تأثیر می‌نهند. میان مداخله‌ها از این جهت که این مداخله‌ها «تعاملی» یا «بازآفرینی دانش» و «رهیافت انتقادی و پاسخگویی اجتماعی» باشند؛ اختلاف معنی‌داری بین زنان و مردان مشاهده گشت. برخی تفاوت های نسلی نیز در اثربخشی تحقیقات دیده شد. همچنین محققانی که راهبردهای­شان عمدتا تعامل با جامعه علمی است با محققانی که با جامعه‌ای بزرگ تر تعامل دارند به لحاظ اثربخشی شان به نحو معنادار متفاوت دیده شدند. توصیه‌های سیاستی مختلفی به دست داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Policy Researcher and Policymaker; An Investigation into Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Policy Research in Governmental Science Policies in Iran

نویسندگان English

Maghsoud Farasatkhah 1
Reza Maniee 2
1 Professor, Department of Planning in Higher Education, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Futures Studies in Higher Education, Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education. Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The Global Knowledge Index report indicates that Iran's ranking in certain indicators, such as higher education system inputs, knowledge capital, and research output, is relatively average. However, its ranking in outputs, particularly the ultimate impact of research, is among the lowest globally. The aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of policy research in the decision-making and policy-making processes of science and higher education. A quantitative survey method was employed to test the hypotheses. A proportionate random sample was selected from faculty members and researchers in six policy research institutions in the field of science, research, and technology. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's sphericity tests were conducted, followed by factor analysis with varimax rotation, structural equation modeling, and importance-performance map analysis. All but the second hypothesis were confirmed. The researchers' status, in terms of "emigration, marginalization, or active residence," was related to the "structure and behavior of the government in the field of science, the independence of the academic institution, and the freedom of researchers, as well as decentralization and de-politicization." Three categories of interventions—"1. managerial and organizational, 2. interactive, and 3. researcher-driven interventions"—influenced their research strategies and tactics. These strategies and tactics, in turn, affected the "effectiveness of research both in public policy-making for the government and in the discursive and social impacts of science." Significant differences were observed between men and women in terms of whether these interventions were "interactive" or involved "knowledge re-creation" and a "critical and socially responsive approach." Some generational differences were also observed in the effectiveness of research. Researchers whose strategies primarily involved interaction with the scientific community differed significantly in terms of effectiveness from those who interacted with a larger society. Various policy recommendations were provided.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Scientific policymaking and higher education
the effectiveness of policy research
immigration
active residence
researchers' strategies
types of improvement interventions

References

Barad, K. (2007). Meeting the universe halfway: Quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12101zq
Bazargan, A. (2023). Rethinking about continuous quality assessment in Iran higher education: Need for strengthening national evaluation agencies and framework revision. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 27(4), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.52547/irphe.27.4.1
Bowen, E. A., & Murshid, N. S. (2016). Trauma-informed social policy: A conceptual framework for policy analysis and advocacy. American Journal of Public Health, 106(2), 223-229. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302970
Bulmer, M. (2015). The Uses of Social Research (Routledge Revivals): Social Investigation in Public Policy-Making. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697451
Cassel, C., Hackl, P., & Westlund, A. H. (1999). Robustness of partial least squares method for estimating latent variable quality structures. Journal of Applied Statistics, 26(4), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664769922322
Chernick, M. R. (2008). Bootstrap methods: A guide for practitioners and researchers. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470192573
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications in marketing and related fields (pp. 655-690). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29
Cicourel, A. (1974). Cognitive Sociology: Language and meaning in social interaction. Free Press. https://archive.org/details/cognitivesociolo0000cico
Edwards, M. (2004). Social science research and public policy: narrowing the divide. Academy of the Social sciences in Australia. https://socialsciences.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/2004_No2_Social_science_research.pdf
Ehsani, V., Azami, M., Najafi, S. M. B., & Soheili, F. (2017). The effectiveness of domestic Scientific research on Iran development Indicators. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, 32(2), 319-347. https://doi.org/10.35050/JIPM010.2017.044
Esmaeilnia, M., Kazemi, A., & Sadighi, B. (2023). The Cultural Revolution and Problematic of Humanities, a Study on Interactions between Ideology and Knowledge in Post-Revolution Iran. Cultural Studies & Communication, 18(69), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.22034/jcsc.2022.542898.2496
Fakouhi, N., & Ebrahimi, M. (2009). Iranian scientific diaspora and its role in indigenization of social sciences in Iran. Journal of Social Studies of Iran, 5, 111-138. https://www.sid.ir/paper/135831/en
Farasatkhah, M. (2016). Emerging Developments in Culture and Class Space of University and its Impact on Teaching; Reflection on Five Generations of Students and Teachers. Journal of Research in Teaching. https://trj.uok.ac.ir/article_45809.html
Farasatkhah, M. (2020a). The Contingency of University in Iran. Agah Publication. https://farasatkhah.com/en/about-maghsoud-ferasatkhah/books/
Farasatkhah, M. (2020b). Humanities in Iran, the problem of Social Impacts. Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. https://farasatkhah.com/en/about-maghsoud-ferasatkhah/books/
Farasatkhah, M. (2023a). Iranian Researchers' experience of the Effectiveness for Sustainable Development in mission-oriented Institutions of Higher Education: Fear and trembling between internal competencies and external realities. Journal of Economics of Knowledge based Development. https://farasatkhah.com/en/about-maghsoud-ferasatkhah/papers/
Farasatkhah, M. (2023b). The Range and Diversity of Innovations in the Research Strategies of Researchers in Policy Research Institutes of Iran. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 15(4), 21-33. https://jstp.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13966.html?lang=en
Farasatkhah, M. (2023c). Research cultures of humanities researchers in policy study institutes affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 16(3), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.22035/jicr.2023.3102.3416
Farasatkhah, M., & Maniee, R. (2015). Effective factors on faculty participation in higher education policy making and university planning. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 20(4), 29-53. https://journal.irphe.ac.ir/article_702855.html?lang=en
Farasatkhah, M., & Maniee, R. (2020). Organizational culture and leadership effectiveness at the university managerial level; GLOBE national survey in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 26(1), 149-175. https://irphe.ac.ir/page/292/
Fazeli, N. A. (2009). Indigenous issue discourse, social science indigenization issue from perspective of cultural studies. Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 3(1), 84-96. https://www.sid.ir/paper/135828/en
Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in Ethnomethodology. Free Press. https://monoskop.org/images/0/0c/Garfinkel_Harold_Studies_in_Ethnomethodology.pdf
Gergen, K. J. (2009). Relational being: Beyond self and community. Oxford University Press. https://works.swarthmore.edu/context/fac-psychology/article/1212/viewcontent/Relational_Being_Beyond_Self_and_Community_______Prologue_Toward_a_New_Enlightenment_.pdf
Ghanei Rad, M. A., Mahmoodi, M., & Ebrahim Abadi, H. (2017). Compilation of Multidimensional Model for Evaluation of Humanities and Social Science' Development. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 10(1), 85-103. https://jstp.nrisp.ac.ir/article_12975.html?lang=en
Giddens, A. (1999). Elements of the theory of Structuration in the constitution of Society: Outline of the theory of Structuration. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Constitution_of_Society.html?id=x2bf4g9Z6ZwC
Global Knowledge Index, G. (2021). Global Knowledge Index. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/arabstates/GKI-Report-2021---CPs-3_Full_compressed.pdf
Haas, P. J., & Springer, J. F. (2014). Applied policy research: Concepts and cases. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203462614
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Harvey, D. (2000). Spaces of hope. Edinburgh University Press. https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-spaces-of-hope.html
Harvey, D. (2004, 29 May 2004). SPACE AS A KEY WORD.Paper for Marx and Philosophy Conference Institute of Education, London.
Harvey, D. (2008). The Right to the City. New Left Review, 53, 23-40. https://newleftreview.org/II/53/david-harvey-the-right-to-the-city
Khaniki, H. (2005). The role of humanities in Iran.Paper presented in Humanities Academy, Faculty of Social Sciences Tehran University.
Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Basil Blackwell. https://monoskop.org/images/7/75/Lefebvre_Henri_The_Production_of_Space.pdf
Lefebvre, H. (2010). Space production. Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center (TURPC). https://monoskop.org/images/7/75/Lefebvre_Henri_The_Production_of_Space.pdf
North, D. C. (2005). Understanding the Process of Economic Change. Princeton University Press. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnacx402.pdf
Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results: The importance-performance map analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(9), 1865-1886. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2015-0449
Sherman, L. W., & Cohn, E. G. (1989). The impact of research on legal policy: The Minneapolis domestic violence experiment. Law & Soc'y Rev., 23, 117. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053883
Shotter, J. (2014). Agential realism, social constructionism, and our living relations to our surroundings: Sensing similarities rather than seeing patterns. Theory & Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354313514144
Weible, C. M. (2023). Theories of the policy process. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003308201
Weiss, C. H. (1978). Improving the linkage between social research and public policy. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/19941/chapter/4
 

  • تاریخ دریافت 15 بهمن 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 03 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 03 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 دی 1403