قاب‌بندی تلنگر اطلاعاتی و تلاش دانشجویان: رویکرد اقتصاد رفتاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
حشمت اله عسگری 1
محدثه پورعلی مردان 2
1 دانشیار اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
10.61838/KMAN.IRPHE.30.3.4
چکیده
یکی از زمینه‌های مهم در تحقق اهداف نظام آموزش عالی لزوم بکارگیری شیوه‌های نوین برای تاثیرگذاری بر انگیزه دانشجویان است. از این رو، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر قاب‌بندی تلنگر اطلاعاتی بر تلاش دانشجویان با استفاده از رویکرد اقتصاد رفتاری با درنظرگرفتن نظریات حوزه روانشناسی اجتماعی است. برای نیل به این هدف، یک مدل  2×2×2 عاملی شامل؛ دو سطح اثر قاب­ بندی (مثبت یا منفی)، دو سطح تمرکز تنظیمی (پیش برنده یا بازدارنده) و دو سطح سختی آزمون (دشوار یا آسان) درنظرگرفته شد. متغیرهای مستقل این پژوهش، قاب منفی، تمرکز پیش‌برنده و سختی آزمون و متغیر وابسته، تلاش پیش‌بینی شده در یک آزمون فرضی است. نمونه‌گیری تصادفی این پژوهش شامل 400 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه ایلام و علامه‌ طباطبایی بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تخمین مدل حداقل مربعات معمولی نشان داد که که قاب تمرکز پیش‌برنده نسبت  به قاب تمرکز بازدارنده به میزان بیشتری تلاش دانشجویان را افزایش می‌دهد. سوگیری قاب منفی نسبت به قاب مثبت، تلاش دانشجویان را افزایش می‌دهد اما بدون کنترل تمرکز تنظیمی هیچ اثر مستقلی بر تلاش دانشجویان نخواهد داشت. نتایج حاصل از تخمین متغیرهای تعاملی نیز نشان داد که متغیر قاب منفی و تمرکز پیش‌برنده، ضریب منفی و معنی‌داری دارد. این نتیجه نشان می‌دهد که شرایط مشترک قاب منفی و تمرکز پیش‌برنده کمتر از قاب منفی و تمرکز بازدارنده تلاش دانشجویان را افزایش می‌دهد. به عبارت دیگر، قاب منفی هم در تمرکز پیش‌برنده و هم در تمرکز بازدارنده تلاش دانشجویان را افزایش می‌دهد اما در تمرکز بازدارنده تاثیر قاب منفی بیشتر است. همچنین تایید کننده این موضوع است که دانشجویان تحت شرایط مشترک تمرکز بازدارنده و قاب منفی تناسب تنظیمی را تجربه می‌کنند اما تناسب تنظیمی تحت شرایط مشترک تمرکز پیش‌برنده و قاب مثبت تایید نمی‌شود. سیاستگذاران و دست‌اندرکاران حوزه آموزش عالی می‌توانند جهت تقویت انگیزه و عملکرد دانشجویان از ابزارهای اقتصاد رفتاری همچون قاب‌بندی تلنگر اطلاعاتی متناسب با موضوعاتی همچون آمادگی آزمون­ ها، برنامه درسی، انتخاب رشته در سطوح بالاتر تحصیلی و ... استفاده نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The framing of information nudge and students effort: A behavioral economics approach

نویسندگان English

Heshmatullah Asgari 1
Mohaddeseh Pourali Mardan 2
1 Associate Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Master of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده English

One of the important fields for achieving the goals of the higher education system is to use new methods to influence students' motivation. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to investigate the impact of the framing of information nudge on students' efforts using the behavioral economics approach, taking into account the theories of social psychology. To investigate this goal, a 2*2*2 factorial model including; two levels of framing effect (positive or negative), two levels of regulatory focus (promotion or prevention) and two levels of test difficulty (difficult or easy) were considered. The independent variables of this study are the negative frame, the promotion focus and the difficulty of the test and the dependent variable is the anticipated effort in a hypothetical exam. The random sampling of this research included 400 students of Ilam and Allameh Tabatabai University. The results of the estimation of the ordinary least squares model showed that the promotion focus frame increases students' effort compared to the prevention focus frame. The negative frame increases student effort relative to the positive frame, but without controlling for regulatory focus, it has no independent effect on student effort. The results of the estimation of interaction variables also showed that the variable of negative frame * promotion focus has a negative and significant coefficient. This result shows that the joint condition of negative frame and promotion focus increases students' effort less than negative frame and prevention focus. In other words, the negative frame increases students' effort both in the promotion focus and in the prevention focus, but the effect of the negative frame is greater in the prevention focus. It also confirms that students experience regulatory fit under the common conditions of prevention focus and negative frame, but regulatory fit is not confirmed under the common conditions of promotion focus and positive frame. In order to strengthen students' motivation and performance, policy makers and planners in higher education can use behavioral economics tools such as framing of information nudge appropriate to subjects such as exam preparation, education plan, choosing a field at higher levels of education, etc.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Framing effect
Regulatory Focus
Information Nudge
Behavioral Economics
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  • تاریخ دریافت 02 دی 1402
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