کاوشی در گستره حکمرانی علم: مروری قلمرویی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
حسین قلی پور
رضا عبیری
دانشگاه امام صادق علیه السلام
10.22034/irphe.2022.705224
چکیده
حکمرانی علم به­ عنوان جهت‌دهی به رفتارها و افعال بازیگران نظام علم از طریق سازوکار‌های تبعیت در نظر گرفته و از زوایای مختلف درباره آن پژوهش شده است. اما حکمرانی علم چه ابعاد و اضلاعی را در گستره خود دارد؟ تمرکز عمده مطالعات درباره چه موضوعاتی بوده و چه موضوع و مسائلی از آن کمتر مد نظر پژوهشگران بوده است؟ پژوهش‌های این حوزه با چه روش‌های پژوهشی دنبال شده‌ و چه روش‌هایی چندان استفاده نشده ­اند؟ سؤالاتی هستند که نیازمند کندوکاوند. روش این پژوهش مرور قلمرویی بود که آرکسی و اومالی آن را ارائه کردند. مطالعات شناسایی شده از طریق جست­ وجو در پایگاه‌های داده‌ای معتبر به ­دست آمد. از 327 مدرک به ­دست ‌آمده، 48 مدرک با معیارهای ورود و خروج این مطالعه همخوان بودند. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که تمرکز مطالعات بر مشارکت عمومی و جنبه‌های نظریه سیاسی حکمرانی علم و چالش‌های اخلاقی پیشرفت‌های علم و فناوری بود. روش تحلیلی- توصیفی و بعد از آن مطالعه موردی پرکاربردترین روش در پژوهش‌های حکمرانی علم است. کشور انگلستان و پس از آن هلند دو کشوری هستند که بیشترین انتشار را در این حوزه داشته‌اند. از نظر زمانی رشد تولیدات علمی در دو دهه اخیر فزاینده بوده است و این امر نشان می‌دهد که ادبیات علمی این حوزه به‌تدریج در حال تکامل و غنی‌شدن است. اخلاق حکمرانی علم و نظریه سیاسی حکمرانی علم دو ضلع از این حوزه بوده‌اند که بیشترین آثار درباره آنها بوده است. نظریه حکمرانی علم، ابزارها و روش‌ها و اقتصاد و مالیه پژوهش اضلاعی بوده‌اند که کمتر به آنها پرداخته ‌شده است و هنوز به غنای نظری و تجربی چندانی نرسیده‌اند. در پژوهش‌های انجام شده کمتر از روش‌های تجربی استفاده شده است و این نشان می‌دهد که این حوزه این ظرفیت را دارد که با به‌کارگیری طرح‌ها و روش‌های پژوهشی تجربی، بر غنای نظری و عملی آن افزوده شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Exploring the Scope of Science Governance: A Scoping Review

نویسندگان English

hossein gholipour
reza abiri
Imam sadiq university
چکیده English

Governance of science is intended as an orientation to the behaviors and practice of science system actors through compliance mechanisms and has been studied from different angles. What are the dimensions and aspects of the governance of science in its scope? What are the main focus of the studies and what topics and issues have been less considered by researchers? What research methods have been followed in this field and what methods have not been used much? The method used in this article is the Scoping review method proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. The identified studies were obtained by searching the valid databases. Out of 327 documents obtained, 48 documents met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. Studies have focused on public participation and aspects of the political theory of the governance of science and the ethical challenges of advances in science and technology. The "analytical-descriptive" method and then the "case study" has been the most widely used method in researches of governance of science. The United Kingdom, followed by the Netherlands, are the two countries with the most publications in this area. In terms of time, the growth of scientific production in the last two decades has been increasing, and this shows that the scientific literature in this field is gradually evolving and enriching. "Ethics of the governance of science", "political theory of the governance of science", have been the two sides of this field that have the most works. But "the theory of the governance of science", "tools and methods" and "economics and finance of research" have been aspects that have been less discussed and have not yet reached much theoretical and experimental richness. The researches have used less experimental methods and this shows that this field has the capacity to increase its theoretical and practical richness by using experimental research designs and methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

governance of science
Scoping review
governance
intervention in science
ethical challenges of science governance
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  • تاریخ دریافت 12 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 25 اردیبهشت 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 31 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 دی 1401