فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی

طراحی الگوی کارآموزی و کارورزی اثربخش در برنامه درسی دانشگاه ها از منظر اعضای هئیت علمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان،

2 دانشگاه بین المللی اامام رضا (ع)

10.61838/irphe.29.1.8

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت و نقش دروس کارآموزی و کارورزی در توانمندساختن دانشجویان و دانش­آموختگان، پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی الگوی کارآموزی و کارورزی اثربخش در برنامه­درسی انجام شد. روش پژوهش، کیفی و مشارکت کنندگان شامل اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه های تهران، شهید باهنر کرمان، صنعتی اصفهان، شهید صدوقی یزد، مازندران، ولیعصر رفسنجان، فردوسی مشهد، صنعتی سیرجان و شیراز بودند که حداقل یک بار درس کارآموزی و کارورزی را ارائه داده ­باشند. روایی و پایایی سوالات مصاحبه توسط متخصصان تایید و، بعد از تحلیل 30 مصاحبه،پژوهشگران با توجه به اصل اشباع نظری می­توانستند به همین تعداد مصاحبه اکتفا کنند، اما از آنجا که تنوع رشته­های تحصیلی و دانشگاه­ها زیاد بود این حجم تا 80 نفر ادامه یافت. با تحلیل مصاحبه ها، وضعیت موجود اجرای این دروس نشان داد که، از نظر اعضای هیئت علمی، کارآموزی و کارورزی به‌طور اثربخش اجرا نمی‌شوند و 8 مؤلفه زمان، مسائل فردی، ساختار و تشکیلات سازمانی، عدم تخصیص منابع لازم و کافی، عدم درک درست از برنامه توسط افراد، عدم تعهد افراد و سازمان‌ها، نبودِ نظام ارزیابی و نظارت صحیح و عدم نظامِ ارتباطات بین سازمانی و بین فردی موانع اصلی اجرای اثربخش این دروس هستند. با توجه به آنکه اصلی­ترین مشکل در عدم اجرای اثربخش دروس کارآموزی و کارورزی، عدم هماهنگی و ارتباط مناسب و کافی بین حلقه­های سازمان­ها (وزارتخانه­ها، مراکزدانشگاهی و محیط­کار) با هم و حلقه­های افراد (استاد درس، سرپرست مرکزکارآموزی و دانشجو) با یکدیگر است، براساس نتایج یافته­ها الگویی طراحی شد که تأکید اصلی آن بر ایجاد حلقه­های ارتباطی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing an Effective Training and Internship Model in the University Curriculum from the Perspective of Faculty Members

نویسندگان [English]

  • مهرانگیز علی نژاد 1
  • بدرالسادات دانشمند 1
  • حمیده پاک مهر 2

1 دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان،

2 دانشگاه بین المللی اامام رضا (ع)

چکیده [English]

Considering the importance and role of training and internship courses in empowering students and graduates, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing an effective training and internship model in the curriculum. The research method was qualitative and the participants included faculty members of University of Tehran, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Isfahan University of Technology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Yazd, Mazandaran University, Valiasr University of Rafsanjan, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Sirjan University of Technology and Shiraz University, who have presented at least one internship course. Validity and reliability of the interview questions were confirmed by experts. After analyzing 30 interviews, the researchers could have limited themselves to the same number of interviews according to the principle of theoretical saturation, but since the variety of academic fields and universities was considerable, the interviews continued up to 80 people on a quota basis. By analyzing the interviews, the current status of the implementation of these courses showed that, according to faculty members, internships are not implemented effectively and 8 components of time, personal problems, organizational structure and organization, lack of allocation of necessary and sufficient resources, lack of proper understanding of the program by individuals, lack of commitment of individuals and organizations, lack of proper evaluation and monitoring system and lack of inter-organizational and interpersonal communication system were as the main obstacles to effective implementation of these courses. Considering that the main problem in the lack of effective implementation of internship courses is the lack of proper and sufficient coordination and communication between the circles of organizations (Ministries, university and work environments) and the circles of individuals (Faculty members, supervisor of internship center and student) with each other, a model was designed based on which it is appropriate to form minimum interactions between faculty member and student in training and internship courses, and the main emphasis should be on creating communication circles.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Model design
  • training
  • internship
  • curriculum
  • higher education
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فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
دوره 29، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 107
خرداد 1402
صفحه 187-206