فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
مطالعه نقش آموزش دوران تحصیل بر کنترل سوء رفتارهای علمی در ایران با استفاده از نظریه‌پردازی داده بنیاد
نویسندگان
1 مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور
2 دانش آموخته دکتری، مؤسسه پژوهشی حکمت و فلسفه ایران
3 کارشناس ارشد رشته فلسفه علم، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور
چکیده
سوء رفتارهای علمی در کلی‌ترین مفهوم، تخطی از هنجارهای روشی و اخلاقی به صورت عمدی و به قصد فریب دیگران است. برخی تحریف، جعل و سرقت ادبی از آثار علمی را از مصادیق اصلی سوء رفتار قلمداد کرده‌اند. در سال های اخیر، به واسطۀ گزارش های ارائه شده در ایران، توجه به این مسئله و ریشه‌یابی آن ضرورت یافته است. فرض بر این است که حداقل یکی از عوامل مؤثر در میان دانشگاهیان را باید در دوران تحصیلات، از جمله تحصیلات آموزش عالی، ریشه یابی کرد. از این رو، در این پژوهش به این پرسش پاسخ داده شد که آموزش های دوران تحصیل، مقدماتی یا عالی، در شناخت هنجارهای اخلاقی، مهارت یابی در استدلال و ایجاد انگیزه برای انجام دادن عمل اخلاقی پژوهشگران چه نقشی خواهند داشت؟ برای پاسخگویی به این پرسش از روش نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد استفاده شد. در این پژوهش با 15 نفر از استادان، دانشجویان و دانشگاهیان و همچنین متخصصان اخلاق و تربیت مصاحبه عمیق صورت گرفت و همزمان تحلیل داده‌های به دست آمده با کدگذاری اولیه، فرعی، محوری و گزینشی انجام و مدل نهایی استخراج شد. راهکار نهایی به تقویت آموزش ضمنی از طریق ارتباط سینه به سینه استاد و شاگرد و در جهت انتقال روال‌های علمی اخلاقی، بازاندیشی مداوم در ملاک‌های سنجش علمی و تطبیق دایمی ملاک‌های سنجش با موضوع اصلی و ارزشمند سنجش و درنهایت، تقویت محیط‌های کوچک اخلاقی در شرایطی منجر شد که هنجارهای یک اجتماع علمی همراه با شفافیت و انتقادپذیری، به رسمیت شناختن آزادی و تفاوت‌های افراد در آن وجود داشته باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The study of the role of education in controlling scientific misconduct in Iran: using Grounded Theory
نویسندگان [English]
- Keyvan Alasti 1
- Mehdi Hatef 2
- Masood Afshar 3
1 philosophy of science, Department of theory-oriented STI studies, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD Degree in Philosophy of Science, Department of Science Studies, Iranian Institute of Philosophy (IRIP), Tehran, Iran.
3 Master Degree in Philosophy of Science
چکیده [English]
The study of the role of education in controlling scientific misconduct in Iran: using Grounded TheoryScientific misconduct in the most general sense is a deliberate violation of methodical and moral norms with the intention of deceiving others. Falsification, fabrication and plagiarism formally had been considered as the main examples of scientific misconduct by some researchers. In recent years, due to the reports presented, it has become necessary to examine the main misconduct cases and find its causes. It is assumed that at least one of the influential factors among academics should be rooted in the period of education, including higher education. Therefore, in this study, the following question was answered: What is the role of education, elementary education or higher education, in recognizing ethical norms, finding skills in reasoning and motivating researchers to perform ethical practice? to answer the question, the Grounded Theory method was used. In this study in-depth interviews with 15 faculty and students including researchers in ethics and education studies were done. Simultaneously, the obtained data were analyzed with primary, secondary, axial and selective coding and the final model was extracted. The final solution is to strengthen the implicit learning through the teacher-student face to face relationship in order to transfer the scientific-ethical behaviors, continuous rethinking of the criteria of scientific assessment, and continuous application of the criteria of assessment and the main and valuable subject of assessment and finally strengthening small "ethical environments" in a society that follows the norms of a scientific community including transparency and critique, freedom and differences of individuals.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Scientific misconducts
- ethical education
- Teaching during education
- Plagiarism
- Faculty and student relation
- Fabrication and Falsification
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