شناسایی متغیرهای پیشایندی مؤثر بر پیامدهای یادگیری دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی (فراتحلیل)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه مازندران

2 استادیار دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه مازندران

3 دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

4 استادیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

پیامدهای یادگیری به دستاوردهای فرد بعد از یادگیری اشاره دارد که در پی آن، رشد و توسعه فرد در حوزه ­های شناختی، عاطفی، هیجانی و مهارتی صورت می­ گیرد و زمینه رشد بیشتر وی برای انتزاع از معنا و مفاهیم درسی ایجاد می­ شود. شناسایی متغیرهای پیشایندی مؤثر بر پیامدهای یادگیری دانشجویان از دغدغه­ های مهم روانشناسی تحصیلی است. هدف اصلی این مطالعه مرور مطالعات ملی و بین ­المللی، تلفیق آنها و انجام دادن فراتحلیل دقیق، شناسایی متغیرهای پیشایندی مؤثر بر پیامدهای یادگیری دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی و طراحی مدل پیش­ بینی پیامدهای یادگیری بود. با مرور بیش از 150 مطالعه در 30 سال اخیر، 30 منطبق با ملاک­ ها تشخیص داده شد. با استفاده از نرم ­افزار فراتحلیل جامع، اندازه اثر بر اساس شاخص همبستگی محاسبه ­شد. یافته­ ها نشان داد که تأثیر چهار متغیر نیازهای روانشناختی، محیط یادگیری، انگیزش تحصیلی و رویکردهای مطالعه بر پیامدهای یادگیری دانشجویان معنا­دار است. تأثیر میانگین اندازه اثر همه مؤلفه ­های نیازهای ­روانشناختی (خودمختاری، شایستگی و ارتباط)، همه مؤلفه ­های محیط یادگیری (جوّ کلاسی، یادگیری و دانشگاهی)، دو مؤلفه انگیزش تحصیلی (انگیزش­ درونی و بی ­انگیزگی) و دو مؤلفه رویکردهای مطالعه (سطحی و عمیق) بر پیامدهای یادگیری معنا­دار شد. بر اساس چهار عامل مؤثر بر پیامدهای یادگیری دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی، مدل مفهومی طراحی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of antecedent variables affecting learning outcomes of undergraduate students: a meta-analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Akbari 1
  • Habib Alah Naderi 2
  • Jalil Fath Abadi 3
  • Omid Shokri 4

1 Doctoral student, Department of Psychology, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Outcomes of learning refer to the achievements of the individual after learning that is followed by the growth and development of the individual in the areas of cognitive, emotional, emotional and skill. The context for his further growth is created from abstract to the meaning and concepts of a lesson. Identifying antecedent variables effecting students' learning outcomes is one of the important concerns of educational psychology.
The main objective of this paper was to review national and international studies about learning outcomes and to identify the antecedent variables effecting the learning outcomes of undergraduate students by meta-analysis. By reviewing more than 150 studies that have examined the factors effecting learning outcomes in the past 30 years, 30 studies were found to meet the criteria.   Using Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software, the effect size was calculated based on the correlation index.  Findings indicated that the effect of four variables of “psychological basic needs”, “learning environment”, “academic motivation” and “approaches study” on the learning outcomes was significant. Other findings showed that the effect of the average effect size of all components of psychological needs (autonomy, competence and communication), all components of the learning environment (classroom, learning and university climates), two components of academic motivation (intrinsic motivation and lack of motivation) and the effect of two components of study approaches (superficial and deep) on the learning outcomes were significant. Finally, a conceptual causal model was designed based on four factors effecting the learning outcomes for undergraduate students.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • psychological basic needs
  • Learning Environment
  • academic motivation
  • Approaches to study
  • Learning outcomes
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