نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد آموزش عالی و بررسی‌های نیروی انسانی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
اقتصاددانان در الگوهای خود سرمایه انسانی را به صورت جعبه سیاه، بدون توجه به محتوای آن، استفاده می کنند که این کار برای سیاستگذاری توسعه یادگیری عالی و اشتغال دانش آموختگان آموزش عالی اهمیت و اثربخشی لازم را ندارد. هدف این مطالعه بازگشایی این جعبه سیاه و تحلیل نظری و تجربی محتوای آن بود. بنابراین، ابتدا مفهوم سرمایه انسانی بازتعریف، آن گاه محتوای آن شناسایی و روابط مؤلفه های آن به صورت نظری تحلیل و سپس، چارچوب مفهومی حاصل از این فرایند برای تحلیل آماری محتوای سرمایه انسانی دانش آموختگان رشته ادبیات فارسی استفاده شد. داده‌ها با پرسشنامه محقق ساخته از یک نمونه 100 نفری از دانش آموختگان رشته یادشده جمع آوری شد. داده ها با روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری جزئی تحلیل شدند. یافته‌های تحلیل‌های نظری حاکی از آن است که سرمایه انسانی فردی یک اکوسیستم مرکب از سلامت پزشکی، مهارت در فرایندهای ذهنی، حداقلی از ظرفیت‌های روانشناختی و قابلیت‌های فکری است که در تعامل پویا با یکدیگر رفتار و عملکرد حرفه‌ای و ماهرانه‌ای را به ارمغان می آورند. منظور از توسعه سرمایه انسانی افراد، فعالسازی و توسعه اکوسیستم سرمایه انسانی در وجود آنهاست. تحلیل آماری محتوای سرمایه انسانی دانش آموختگان رشته ادبیات فارسی نشان داد که سرمایه انسانی این افراد با چارچوب مفهومی تناسب ساختاری ندارد و بهبود مهارت های یادگیری و افزایش موجودی دانش تخصصی، مهارت های عملیاتی دانش آموختگان این رشته را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد؛ سایر فرایندها و قابلیت های شناختی و فراشناختی کمک شایسته‌ای به یکدیگر و بهبود قابلیت های عملیاتی دانش آموختگان نمی کنند. برای توسعه سرمایه انسانی در دانشجویان، صرف عرضه اطلاعات و دانش به آنها کافی نیست و دانشگاه‌ها باید اکوسیستم سرمایه انسانی را در وجود آنها فعال سازند و آن را توسعه دهند که تحلیل‌های آماری نشان می دهد که گروه‌ها و دانشکده‌های ادبیات فارسی در ایران نتوانسته اند اکوسیستم سرمایه انسانی را در دانش آموختگان خود فعال کنند و سرمایه انسانی آنها را توسعه دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Human Capital Content Analysis: General Pattern and Application for Graduates of Persian Literature
نویسندگان [English]
- Yaghoyb Entezari 1
- Yousef Mohammadnezhad Alizamini 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Economics of Higher Education and Manpower, Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Economists use human capital as a black box in their models, regardless of the content. It does not have the necessary importance and effectiveness for policy development of higher learning and employment of higher education graduates. Therefore, this study aimed to reopen this black box and analyze its content theoretically and experimentally. To achieve this goal, first the concept of human capital is redefined, its content is identified and the relationships of its components are theoretically analyzed; then, the conceptual framework obtained from this process has been used for statistical analysis of the content of human capital of graduates of Persian literature. A researcher-made questionnaire collected the required data from a sample of 100 graduates in the field. Partial structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The findings of theoretical analysis indicate that individual human capital is a dynamic ecosystem; Health, skills in mental processes (feeling, perception, learning, thinking, evaluation, judgment, inclination and memory), psychological capacities (motivation, emotion and excitement) and intellectual abilities (information, knowledge, insight, attitude, wisdom, value and insight) are its most important components. The structure and function of this ecosystem bring professional and skillful behavior and performance to the individual. The development of human capital means the activation and development of the human capital ecosystem in them. Statistical analysis of the content of human capital of graduates of Persian literature indicates that the human capital of these people is not structurally compatible with the conceptual framework. Improving learning skills and increasing the availability of specialized knowledge affects the operational skills of graduates of the field; other processes and cognitive and metacognitive capabilities do not adequately help each other and improve graduates' operational capabilities. To develop human capital in students, simply providing information and knowledge to them is not enough. Universities must activate and develop the human capital ecosystem in them. Unfortunately, statistical analysis shows that literature departments and faculties Persian in Iran have not been able to activate the human capital ecosystem in their graduates and develop their human capital.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- human capital
- competence
- Metacognitive Skills
- Knowledge
- Insight
- Attitude
- Orientation
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