مفهوم‌پردازی پدیده سایش از منظر اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه‌های جامع شهر تهران؛ مطالعه‌ای زمینه‌ای

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه نوآوری آموزشی و درسی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی

2 استاد گروه برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر مفهوم ­پردازی پدیده سایش از منظر اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه‌های جامع شهر تهران بود. این پژوهش در سپهر فلسفی تفسیرگرایی با رویکرد کیفی و بر اساس روش پژوهش نظریه مبنایی (با رهیافت ساخت‌گرایانه چارمز) صورت گرفته است. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از اطلاع‌رسان‌ها، مصاحبه‌های عمیق و بدون ساختار مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و انتخاب اطلاع‌رسان‌های پژوهش به­ صورت هدفمند و با استفاده از راهبردهای نمونه‌گزینی با حداکثر تنوع و نمونه‌گزینی نظریه‌ای صورت پذیرفت. اطلاع‌رسان‌های پژوهش شامل 32 نفر از اعضای هیئت علمی (استادیار، دانشیار و استاد) دانشگاه‌های جامع شهر تهران بودند. داده‌ها در سه مرحله کدگذاری اولیه، کانونی و نظری تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که پدیده سایش ‌در آموزش عالی ایران دارای ابعاد کلامی و اجتماعی است. این پدیده به­ دلیل شرایط سازمانی و فردی ظهور یافته، به واکنش‌هایی چون اجتناب، تقابل و پذیرش منجر شده است. این واکنش‌ها تحت تأثیر پاسخگویی مسئولان، تاب‌آوری افراد در زمینه ساختار و فرهنگ دانشگاهی بروز پیدا کرده و به آسیب‌پذیری شغلی، فردی، اجتماعی منجر شده‌اند. ریشه این پدیده را می‌توان در خانواده، آموزش و پرورش و فرهنگ عمومی جامعه جست­ وجو کرد. از جمله راهکارهای سیاستی می‌توان به «تبدیل کردن سایش به گفتمان کلان اجتماعی- ساختاری، توجه به مدیران به ­عنوان مهم‌ترین موانع بروز و مواجهه با پدیده و راه ­اندازی سازوکار فرجام­ خواهی با قدرت ساختاری» اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conceptualizing of bullying from the perspective of the faculty members of Tehran`s comprehensive universities: a Grounded Theory study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Rashidi 1
  • Maghsoud Farasatkhah 2

1 Department of Studies in Educational Innovations and Training, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education

2 Department of Planning for Higher Education, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was to conceptualize the phenomenon of bullying from the perspective of the faculty members of Tehran's comprehensive universities. Using Charm's constructivists approach, this research was carried out in the interpretative paradigm with a qualitative approach based on the research method of the grounded theory. In-depth unstructured informants and interviews were used to collect data. The research informants were selected by purposeful sampling strategies with maximum diversity and theoretical sampling. The research informants included 32 faculty members (assistant professors, associate professors and professors) of comprehensive universities in Tehran. The data were analyzed in three stages: initial, focal and theoretical coding. The research findings showed that the phenomenon of bullying in Iran's higher education has verbal and social dimensions. This phenomenon has emerged due to organizational and individual circumstances and has led to reactions such as avoidance, confrontation and acceptance. These reactions have been affected by the response of authorities, the resilience of individuals in the context of academic structure and culture, and have led to occupational, personal, social and economic vulnerabilities. The root of this phenomenon can be traced back to family, education, and general culture of the society. One of the policy solution is to turn bullying into a macro socio-structural discourse, to pay attention to administrators as the most important barriers to occurrence and exposure to the phenomenon, and to launch an appeal mechanism with structural power.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bullying
  • faculty members
  • Comprehensive universities
  • Tehran
  • grounded theory
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