فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
بررسی و تحلیل نقش سرمایه انسانی، تغییرات ساختاری و برهم کنش آنها بر رشد اقتصادی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگر پسا دکترای علوم اقتصادی دانشگاه الزهرا
2 کارشناس ارشد رشته اقتصاد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اهواز
چکیده
رشد اقتصادی یکی از اهداف اصلی جوامع است که در راستای آن رفاه اقتصادی تحقق می یابد. تا کنون نظریه های گوناگونی درخصوص عوامل مؤثر بر رشد اقتصادی مطرح شده است، لیکن در این پژوهش با به کارگیری یک الگوی اقتصادسنجی به صورت همزمان نقش سرمایه انسانی و تغییرات ساختاری بر رشد اقتصادی بررسی شد. مطالعه موردی پژوهش طی دوره 1986 تا 2015 درخصوص کشورهای منطقه MENA انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که سرمایه انسانی (مخارج صرف شده دولت در آموزش عالی) اثر مثبت و معنادار بر رشد اقتصادی دارد، ولی تغییرات ساختاری (صنعتی شدن) نتوانسته است بر رشد اقتصادی منطقه مؤثر باشد. ضمن آنکه اثر برهم کنش سرمایه انسانی و تغییرات ساختاری بر رشد اقتصادی بی معنا بوده است؛ به بیان دیگر، مخارج صرف شده در آموزش عالی در کشورهای مورد بررسی نتوانسته است در فرایند صنعتی شدن مؤثر واقع شود. به علاوه، باز بودن تجارت و سرمایه گذاری اثر مثبت و معنادار بر رشد اقتصادی، ولی دو متغیر اندازه دولت و رشد جمعیت اثر منفی و بی معنا بر رشد اقتصادی دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigating and analyzing the role of human capital, structural changes and their interaction on economic growth
نویسندگان [English]
- Farad Tarahomi 1
- Matin Baladi 2
1 Postdoctoral Researcher of Economics, Alzahra University
2 Master in Economics. Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch
چکیده [English]
Economic growth is one of the main goals of societies, in which economic well-being is achieved. So far, various theories have been proposed regarding the factors influencing economic growth. However, in this study, using an econometric model, the role of human capital and structural changes on economic growth were investigated simultaneously. The case study was conducted during the period of 1986-2015 for the MENA region countries. The results of the research showed that human capital (expenditures by the government in higher education) have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, but industrialization's structural changes have not been able to affect the economic growth of the region. However, the effect the interaction of human capital and structural changes on economic growth was insignificant. In other words, the expenditures on higher education in the countries under study has not been effective in the industrialization process. In addition, openness to trade and investment have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, but two variables of government size and population growth have a negative and no significant effect on economic growth.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- human capital
- Structural Change
- economic growth
- MENA region
- Dynamic Panel Data
2. Aghaei, M., Rezagholizadeh, M., & Bagheri, F. (2013). The effect of human capital on economic growth in states of Iran. The Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 67(6), 21-44 (in Persian).
3. Ahmadianyazdi, F., Ebrahimisalari, T., Jondoghi, F., & Rajabali, N. (2015). Investigating factors affecting the accumulation of human capital in Iran during the period 1971-2012. The Quarterly Journal of Applied Economic Studies of Iran, 15(4), 201-228 (in Persian).
4. Aisen, A., & Veiga, F. (2013). How does political instability affect economic growth?. Political Economic, 29, 151-167.
5. Akbarian, R., & Ghaedi, A. (2011). Investment in economic Infrastructure and investigating its impact on economic growth. The Economic Research Journal, (3), 65-76 (in Persian).
6. Ale-emran, R., & Ale-emran, S.A. (2012). Measuring the impact of improving human capital on economic growth in selected OPEC countries. The Journal Park and Incubators, 8(32), 41-53 (in Persian).
7. Asadzadeh, A., Khodaverdizadeh, S., Beheshti, K., & Shomali, A. (2015). Investigating the impact of population growth on per capita GDP in Iran, using the approach ARDL. The Quarterly Journal of Applied Economic Studies of Iran, 14(4), 69-87 (in Persian).
8. Baltagi, B. (1995). Analysis of panel data. Wiley Publication.
9. Barro, R., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (2003). Economic growth. Second Edition. MIT Press Books.
10. Behboudi, D., Asgharpoor, H., & Mamipoor, S. (2009). Frequency of natural resources, Human capital and Economic growth in oil exporting countries. The Quarterly Journal of Iran`s Economic Researches, 40(13), 125-147(in Persian).
11. Benos, N., & Zotou, S. (2014). Education and economic growth: A meta-regression analysis. World Development, 64, 669-689.
12. Bodman, P., & Le, T. (2013). Assessing the roles that absorptive capacity and economic distance play in the foreign direct investment-productivity growth nexus. Applied Economic, 45, 1027-1039.
13. Dehghan Shabani, Z., & Shahnazi, R. (2017). An analysis of the impact the inter-state spillovers of human capital on economic growth in Iran. Economic Research, 1(52), 89-115 (in Persian).
14. Denison, E. (1962). The sources of economic growth in the United States and the alternatives before us. New York: Committee for Economic Development.
15. Easterly, W., & Levine, R. (1997). Africa’s growth tragedy: Policies and ethnic divisions. Quarter Journal of Economic, 112, 1203-1250.
16. Farazmand, H., Afgheh, S.M., Ma`alhaghfard, M., & Sayadinezhad, M.A. (2016). The impact of human capital on quality of life in Iranian States. The Quarterly Journal of Social Welfare Scientific Research, 54(14), 37-60 (in Persian).
17. Gholizadeh, M., & Aghaei, M. (2016). Human capital and labor productivity in Iranian province. The Political-Economic Information Magazine, (306), 230-246.
18. Goldin, C. (2016). Human capital. In: Diebolt, C., & Haupert, M. (Eds.). Handbook of cliometrics. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 55-86.
19. Hall, R.E., & Jones, C.I. (1999). Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others. Quarter Journal of Economic, 114, 83-116.
20. Hanushek, E.A., & Wobmann, L. (2008). The role of cognitive skills in economic development. Economic Literature, 46, 607-668.
21. Hanushek, E.A. (2013). Economic growth in developing Countries, the role of human capital. Economic of Education Review, 37, 204-212.
22. Harbison, F.H. (1971). A human resource approach to the development of African Nations, Discussion Paper, Princeton University, New Jersey
23. Lucas, R. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
24. Mankiw, N.G., Romer, D., & Weil, D.N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (2), 407-437.
25. Mauro, P. (1995), Corruption and growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110 (3), 681-712.
26. Mohammadi, H., & Taghavi, M. (2009). Influence of Investment infrastructure on economic growth in Iran. The Journal of Economic Research, (9), 42-58 (in Persian).
27. Moshiri, S., & Eltejaei, E. (2015). Comparative study of the long-term trend of structural changes in Iran`s economy compared to new industrial economics. Comparative Economy, 1(2), 149-194 (in Persian).
28. Nadiri, M., & Mohammadi, T. (2011). Investigating the effect of institutional structures on economic growth by method GMM. The Quarterly Journal of Economic modeling, (3), 1-24 (in Persian).
29. Nili, M., Dargahpi, H., Kordbacheh, M., & Nili, F. (2012).Government and Economic growth in Iran. Publisher: Ney, Third edition (in Persian).
30. Noferesti, M. (2012). Unit root & cointegration in econometrics. Publisher: Rasa, second edition (in Persian).
31. Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regresses. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 653-670.
32. Pelinescu, E. (2015). The impact of human capital on economic growth. Procedia Economic and Finance, 22, 184-190.
33. Pender, M. (2003). Industrial structure and aggregate growth. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 14, 427-448.
34. Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the twenty-first century. Translation by Ghoudejani, A., Publisher: Naghd-e-Farhang, First edition (in Persian).
35. Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos, H.A. (2002). Investment in education: A further update. World Bank Journal, 38, 1-28.
36. Romer, D. (2006). Advanced macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Companies, USA, Third Edition.
37. Safdari, M., Shahiki, T., Sheydaei, M.M., & Sheydaei, Z. (2014). The role of the average years of studies on economic growth trend of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, 3(14), 23-43 (in Persian).
38. Schultz, T.W. (1961). Investment in human capital. Economic Review, 51, 1-17.
39. Seyed-Shokri, KH., & Mirbagheri, A.S. (2012). The effect of Commercial Liberalization on non-oil Economic growth in OPEC member countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economic Sciences, 20(6), 173-194 (in Persian).
40. Shahaabadi, A., Sohrabi, V., Salmani, H., & Salmani, Y. (2016). Impact of capital accumulation in research, development and physical capital on economic growth, evidence from Iran, Turkey and Malaysia. The Research Journal of Economic Growth and Development, 23(6), 75-90 (in Persian).
41. Silva, E., & Teixeira, A. (2011). Does structure influence growth? A panel data econometrics assessment of relatively less developed countries. Industries Corporation Change, 20, 457-510.
42. Soheyli, K., Del`angizan, S., & Poormahmoodian, P. (2011). Estimating the effect of different inflation Rates on economic growth Rate, and Determine the threshold of inflation rate in Iran, in the form of nonlinear models. The Macroeconomics Research Journal, 16(8), 121-140 (in Persian).
43. Taghavi, M., & Mohammadi, H. (2006). The impact of human capital on economic growth in Iran. The Journal of Economic Research, 22(8), 15-43 (in Persian).
44. Teixeira, A., & Fortuna, N. (2011). Human capital. R&D, trade and long-run productivity testing the technological absorption hypothesis for the Portuguese economy. Research Policy, 39, 335-350.
45. Teixeira, A., & Queiros, A. (2016). Economic growth, human capital and structure change: A dynamic panel data analysis. Research Policy, 45, 1493-1690.
46. Todaro, M.P., & Smith, S.C. (2012). Economic development. Translation by Mahmoodi, V., Publisher: Negah-e-Danesh, First Edition, Tehran (in Persian).
47. Yousefi, M.GH. (2015). Economic growth and development strategies. Publisher: Ney, Third edition, Tehran (in Persian).
)