فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
ارزیابی نرخ بازده خصوصی تحصیلات تکمیلی در ایران با استفاده از مدلهای چندسطحی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
2 کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی نرخ بازده خصوصی تحصیلات تکمیلی در ایران با استفاده از مدلهای چندسطحی بود و سعی شد با به‌کارگیری تابع دریافتی مینسر و روش تحلیل چندسطحی، میزان تأثیر تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاهی بر درآمد شاغلان با استفاده از آمارهای هزینه-درآمد خانوار در سال 1392 بررسی شود. در روش تحلیل چندسطحی بهکار برده شده، گروههای عمده فعالیت بهعنوان واحدهای سطح دوم در نظر گرفته شدند، ضمن آنکه سعی شد با اندازه‌گیری متوسط سالهای غیر شاغل بودن افراد بعد از اتمام تحصیلات و تعدیل سالهای فراغت از تحصیل، تخمینهای مربوط به سالهای سابقه کاری به واقعیت نزدیک‌تر شود. مهمترین نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که داده‌های مورد نظر ساختار سلسله مراتبی دارند. همچنین تحصیلات تکمیلی بر درآمد حاصل از شغل افراد تأثیر مثبت دارد و میزان این تأثیرگذاری برای هر سال اضافی تحصیلات تکمیلی حدود 3/12 درصد است که نرخی بیش از هزینه فرصت از دست رفته در نظر گرفته شده برای آموزش در کشورهای در حال توسعه (10 درصد) و میزان تأثیر تجربه کاری بر دریافتیها (6/2 درصد) را نشان می‌دهد. این امر فارق از سایر انگیزه‌های ورود به این دوره‌ها، توجیه‌پذیری اقتصادی - از نظر فردی- این مقاطع را نشان می‌دهد. همچنین شاغلان دارای مدارک تحصیلات تکمیلی در شهرها 4/21 درصد بیش از گروه مشابه در روستاها دریافتی دارند که این امر می‌تواند توجیه‌کننده خروج نیروی انسانی با تحصیلات بالا از روستاها باشد. در نهایت، بازده هر سال اضافی تحصیلات تکمیلی از بازده هر سال اضافی آموزش عالی بیشتر است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluating the rate of private return on graduate studies in Iran by using multilevel models
نویسندگان [English]
- Abolghasem Mahdavi 1
- Zeynab Piroozrahi 2
1 Faculty of Economics, Tehran University
2 Master of Economics, Tehran University
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this study was to examine graduate studies private rate of return in Iran by using multilevel models. Using latest statistics, applying a multilevel analysis and Mincer earnings function, the effect of university graduate education on employed earnings was investigated. In multilevel analysis method used, major groups activities are considered as second level units. Meanwhile, by measuring the average years of individuals’ unemployment after completing education and adjusting the years after graduation, the estimates of the years of work experience considered to be closer to reality. The most important results of the study showed that the data have a hierarchical structure. In addition, graduate studies have a positive impact on job earnings and the rate of the impact for each additional year of education is 12.3% - a rate that exceeds the opportunity cost of education in developing countries (10%). The study also indicated that the effect of work experience on earnings is 2.6%. This goes beyond the other incentives to enter graduate studies. This result showed the individuals' economic justification. Employees earnings with graduate degrees in urban areas was 21.4% more than the same group in rural areas, justifying the migration of labor force with graduate degrees to urban areas. Lastly, the return of each additional year of graduate studies is more than the return of each additional year of higher education.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Mincer function
- Return of education
- graduate studies
- Higher Education
- multilevel analysis
- Iran
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