فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی

گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی با تأکید بر پیامدهای اجتماعی؛ نظریه‌ای داده‌ بنیاد

نویسنده

گروه مدیریت آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامهریزی آموزش عالی

چکیده

دانشگاه بسان دستاورد جهانی نواندیش در گذار تحولات سالیان گذشته دستخوش تغییرات زیادی از جمله گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی و افزایش پذیرش دانشجویان در رشته‌های مختلف شده و همزمان با این پدیده جهانی بافت آموزش عالی ایران نیز تغییرات مشابهی داشته است. دانشگاه در قالب نهادی اجتماعی پس از ورود به بافتهای مختلف پیامدهای اجتماعی با خود به همراه دارد که بسیاری از  آنها در رده عوامل قابل مشاهده قرار نمی‌گیرد که گاه از نظر شاخصهای کمّی نمی­توان آنها را اندازه‌گیری کرد. از این‌رو، در این پژوهش برای درک پیامدهای اجتماعی گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی، با استفاده از بنیان نظری تفسیرگرایی، در پژوهشی از نوع کیفی، با به‌کارگیری رویکردهای نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد و پژوهش مبتنی بر روایت و روش‌ مصاحبه عمیق بدون ساختار، از سه دسته داده‌بخش بهره برده شد که شامل 54 مرد و زن در سه گروه عضو هیئت علمی، فعال اجتماعی و دانشجو از سه استان گیلان، قم و سیستان و بلوچستان بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بالا رفتن سطح دسترسی مردم به آموزش عالی به­عنوان مطالبه‌ای همگانی حاصل از انباشت نسلی و مبتنی بر قانون اساسی آغازگر سیاستهای گسترش کمّی بوده است که از منظر مشارکت‌کنندگان ردپای آن بر بالا بردن سطح آگاهی، رشد و توسعه‌ شهری، تغییر در سبک زندگی، شکل‌گیری هنجارهای نوین اجتماعی، بی‌ارزش شدن مدرک تحصیلی و دانشگاه، کاهش چشمگیر کیفیت آموزش عالی و اثرهای آن در بحران افزایش منابع انسانی ناکارآمد و افزایش بیکاری­های منطقه‌ای دیده می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Higher education expansion with emphasis on social impact: a grounded theory approach

نویسنده [English]

  • Somaye Fereidouni

igher Education Administration Department, Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education

چکیده [English]

University, as an achievement of modern world, has experienced broad range of changes like quantitative expansion of higher education institutions and increasing number of students in different majors. Simultaneously, with this global phenomenon, the context of Iranian higher education had same changes as well. The university, in the form of a social institution, has social implications after entering various contexts which many of them are not visible and measurable by quantitative indicators. Therefore, to understand the social implications of quantitative expansion of higher education, a theory based interpretation research method was designed. A qualitative research approach, grounded theory methodology, and unstructured- interviews were applied. In this research, 54 informers from three groups of social activists, university students and faculties in three province of Guilan, Ghom, and Sistan and Baluchistan were participated. The results showed that increasing access to higher education as a public demand, generational accumulation and constitution was the initiator of quantitative expansionary policies in Iran. According to participants' points of view, these policies resulted in improving people conciseness, urban development, significantly lowering the quality of higher education,  changes on life style, devalue of degree and university, inefficient  human resources cricis and increasing regional unemployment which known as social consequences of higher education expansion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Higher Education
  • social institution
  • Quantitative expansion
  • Social consequences
  • grounded theory
  • Iran
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فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
دوره 23، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 86
اسفند 1396
صفحه 69-96
  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 15 اسفند 1401