نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
2 مقطع دکتری کارآفرینی توسعه، پژوهشگر حوزه کارآفرینی
3 مقطع دکتری کارآفرینی بین‌الملل، پژوهشگر حوزه کارآفرینی
4 مقطع دکتری کارآفرینی فناوری، پژوهشگر حوزه کارآفرینی
چکیده
خط‌مشی گذاری کارآفرینی در کشورهای مختلف دنیا با درجات متفاوت توسعهیافتگی طیف گستردهای از خطمشیهای مختلف همچون حمایتهای مالی، نوآوری، فنی و مشاورهای، توسعه صنایع کوچک و متوسط، بهبود قوانین، امور اداری، شرایط اشتغال و آموزش را شامل میشود. هدف این پژوهش یافتن حوزه‌های نوآورانه و تجارب موفق و عملیاتی برای خط‌مشی گذاری آموزش کارآفرینی کشور ایران با سرمایه انسانی شایسته بود. این پژوهش از نوع آمیخته کیفی-کمّی و روش اجرای بخش کیفی آن توافق مقایسه تحلیلی با رویکرد مطالعه تطبیقی در 23 کشور منتخب دنیا و بخش کمّی آن مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی بود. یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد که حوزه‌های آموزش کارآفرینی را میتوان در چهار طبقه ظرفیتسازی و غنیسازی محیط آموزش کارآفرینی با قدرت تبیین 54%، آموزش در کارآفرینی (آموزش کارآفرینان بالقوه) 28%، آموزش برای کارآفرینی (آموزش کارآفرینان بالفعل) 18% و آموزش درباره کارآفرینی (تربیت محققان و مشاوران حوزه کارآفرینی) 13% دستهبندی کرد. کشورهای درحال‌توسعه و توسعهیافته در راهبرد سوم و چهارم تفاوت بارزی با هم دارند. مبتنی بر یافتههای پژوهش توصیه میشود بازآفرینی دورههای آموزش کارآفرینی در مدارس با تأکید بر سالهای پایانی دبیرستان، آموزش مهارتهای جدید به کارآفرینان و کارکنان کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط، توانمندسازی بیکاران و روستاییان، تدریس واحد کارآفرینی در تمام رشتههای دانشگاهی با استفاده از فناوریهای نوین آموزشی و مشارکت همه ذینفعان به‌ویژه بخش خصوصی و سازمانهای مردمنهاد در دستور کار خط‌مشی گذاری آموزش کارآفرینی قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A comparative study of entrepreneurship education policy making areas
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Davari 1
- Reza Manouchehri Rad 2
- Sohrab Rahmani 3
- Ali Ghavami 4
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Tehran University
2 Doctoral candidate in Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Researcher
3 Doctoral candidate in Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Researcher
4 Doctoral candidate in Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Researcher
چکیده [English]
Entrepreneurship policy making in different countries with different degrees of development show a range of diverse policies such as financial support, innovation, technical and consulting, SME development, legislation, administration, employment and training situation. The purpose of this research was to discover creative areas, successful experiences and operational for policy making in entrepreneurship education for a country such as Iran with talent human capital. A mixed research method was chosen for this study. Procedural method for the qualitative part was analytic agreement comparative with comparative study approach in 23 selected countries. In quantitative portion, the Structural Equation Modeling with partial least squares approach was used. The results showed that entrepreneurship education policy could be classified in 4 categories: 1) capacity building and enriching education environment with explanatory power of 54%, 2) education in entrepreneurship (training of potential entrepreneurs) 28%, 3) education for entrepreneurship (training of actual entrepreneurs) 18% and 4) education about entrepreneurship (training of entrepreneurial researchers and consultants) 13%. There was a significant difference in developing and developed countries in the third and fourth categories. Based on this research finding we suggested some policies such as reinventing entrepreneurship education at schools with an emphasis on the senior years of high school, training new skills to entrepreneurs and employees of SME, the unemployed and rural empowerment, interdisciplinary entrepreneurship education in all academic disciplines by using new educational technologies and participation of all stakeholders, especially the private sector and NGOs.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Innovation
- technical and consulting
- SME development
- Legislation
- Administration
- employment and trai
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