رویکردهای بازارمحورانه در آموزش عالی در دهه‌ ۹۰ شمسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، مؤسسه‌ مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، مؤسسه‌ مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی، تهران، ایران
10.61838/kman.irphe.29.4.1
چکیده
بازاری‌سازی آموزش عالی مجموعه‌ای از ساختارها و رویّه‌ها و پراتیک‌هاست که موجب می‌شوند نظام دانشگاهی هر چه بیشتر تحت الزامات بازار قرار بگیرد. در این مقاله در آغاز کوشیدیم که ابعاد این بازاری‌سازی را شرح دهیم و نشان دهیم که در چه سطوحی عمل می‌کند. سطح مهمی از پراتیک‌های بازاری‌سازی دربردارنده‌ی توجیهات نظری و دانشگاهی‌ای است که از آن تحت عنوان بازارمحوری یاد کردیم. در این مقاله، این پراتیک‌های نظری در جهت توجیه بازاری‌سازی در دانشگاه ایرانی را در چارچوب چند رویکرد مشخص طبقه‌بندی کردیم: ۱) بومی‌گرایی اسلام‌گرا ۲) بازارمحوری رادیکال ۳) بازارمحوری توسعه‌گرا ۴) بازارمحوری مصلحت‌‌گرا. رد پای این رویکردها را در آثار چهره‌های شاخص دانشگاهی پی گرفتیم و نشان دادیم که هر چند مکان سه رویکرد اولی در دانشگاه است اما در بخشی از رویکرد چهارمی حلقه‌ی واسطی وجود دارد که این رویکردهای دانشگاهی از طریق آن بر ساختار نهاد اجرایی (دولت) و نهادی قانون‌گذاری (مجلس) اثر می‌گذارند. این حلقه‌ی واسط را کسانی پر کرده‌اند که از آن‌ها با نام «کارگزار دیوانی» یاد کردیم. از طریق بررسی برخی متون سیاست‌گذارانه کوشیدیم تأثیر این حلقه‌ی واسط را توضیح دهیم. در این مقاله از روش اسنادی و فراتحلیل استفاده شده است. درواقع کوشیده‌ایم نشان دهیم تا چه اندازه رویکردهای بازارمحورانه در میان اظهار نظرهای کارشناسی، پژوهش‌ها و تحلیل‌های دانشگاهی و باورها و عقاید رایج در دانشگاه ایرانی ریشه‌دار و گسترده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Market-oriented approaches to higher education in the 1390s

نویسندگان English

Roozbeh Aghajari 1
Abbas Varij Kazemi 2
1 Ph.D. candidate in the Institute of Social and cultural studies. Tehran. Iran
2 Associate Professor at the Institute of Social and cultural studies. Tehran. Iran
چکیده English

The marketization of higher education is a set of structures, procedures, and practices that make the university system more and more subject to the requirements of the market. In this article, in the beginning, we tried to describe the dimensions of this marketization and show at what levels it operates. An important level of marketization practices includes theoretical and academic justifications, which we mentioned as market-oriented approaches. In this article, we classified these theoretical practices to justify marketization in Iranian universities in the framework of several specific approaches: 1) indigenous Islamism, 2) Radical market orientation, 3) Developmental market orientation, and 4) Expedients market orientation. We traced these approaches in the works of leading academic figures and showed that although the place of the first three approaches is in the university, in a part of the fourth approach there is a mediator through which these academic approaches reach the structure of administrative institution (government) and legislating institution (Parliament) has an effect. This mediator has been filled by those whom we mentioned as "bureaucratic Agents". We tried to explain the effect of this mediator through the review of some policy-making texts. In this article, we have used documentary and meta-analysis methods. We have tried to show to what extent market-oriented approaches are rooted and widespread among expert opinions, academic research and analysis, and common beliefs and opinions in Iranian universities. 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Marketization of university
market-orientation
market-oriented approaches
Bureaucratic agent
Entrepreneurship university
higher education policy
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  • تاریخ دریافت 31 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار 02 دی 1402