فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
آموزش عالی و بهبود محیط کسب و کار؛ مطالعه موردی ایران و چند کشور آسیایی منتخب
نویسندگان
1 استاد اقتصاد بین الملل دانشگاه اصفهان
2 دکترای اقتصاد، پژوهشگر قطب اقتصاد بین‌الملل و پژوهشگر پسادکتری صندوق حمایت از پژوهشگران و فناوران کشور و دانشگاه اصفهان
چکیده
سرمایه گذاری در آموزش عالی که به منزله تشکیل سرمایه انسانی است، بهره وری منابع تولید و کارایی بنگاههای اقتصادی را افزایش می دهد که در نهایت، به رشد اقتصادی منجر می شود که چنانچه این رشد پایدار در سطح کلان پایدار باشد، به منزله خلق فرصتهای شغلی جدید، کاهش هزینه های مبادله و در نتیجه، بهبود کسب و کار است. در عمل، کاهش در این هزینه ها به منزله افزایش کارایی بنگاههای اقتصادی و رشد فعالیتهای مولد آنهاست که محیط کسب و کار را بهبود می بخشد. از سوی دیگر، مخارج بر آموزش عالی و دوره های آموزشی حین خدمت به عنوان سرمایه گذاری نیروی انسانی و تشکیل سرمایه انسانی است که معمولاً تولید چنین منابع انسانی به عهده دانشگاههاست. در نتیجه، هرگونه تعامل بین دانشگاه و صنعت به منزله تعمیق نقش آموزش عالی در اقتصاد و از طریق آن کمک به بهبود فضای کسب و کار است. در این مطالعه رابطه علّی بین آموزش عالی و محیط کسب و کار در چارچوب یک الگوی تجربی اقتصادسنجی برای کشور ایران و چند کشور منتخب آسیایی (چین، اندونزی، مالزی، فیلیپین، هند، سنگاپور، تایلند و ویتنام) بررسی شد. بدین منظور از رهیافت گرنجری در محیط داده های تابلویی رابطه علّی بین آموزش عالی و شاخصهای کسب و کار که کارگروه اجرای کسب و کار بانک جهانی در دوره 2014-2004 آن را تهیه کرده است، استفاده شد. علاوه بر این، تحلیل رگرسیونی از اثرگذاری شاخص آموزش توأم با سایر عوامل شامل تورم، درآمد سرانه و کارآفرینی صورت گرفت. به طورکلی، یافته های تجربی حاکی از اثر معنادار آموزش عالی بر بهبود محیط کسب و کار ایران و کشورهای منتخب از نظر آماری بود که بر لزوم تعمیق رابطه آموزشی و پژوهشی بین صنعت و دانشگاه در کشورهای مورد مطالعه دلالت دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Higher education and improvement of business environment: a case study of Iran and the selected Asian countries
نویسندگان [English]
- Seyed Komail Tayebi 1
- Zahra Zamani 2
1 Professor, Director of the Center of Excellence for International Economics (CEIEUI), Department of Economics, Isfahan University
2 Doctoral in Economics, Researcher in Center of Excellence for International Economics (CEIEUI), Isfahan University
چکیده [English]
Investing in higher education, which is considered as the formation of human capital, Increases productivity of production resources and efficiency of enterprises, leading ultimately to economic growth. If sustained growth in macroeconomic level can create job opportunities and decrease transactions cost, reduction in these costs should increase enterprises’ efficiency as well as production growth which improve business environment. On the other hand, a productive interaction between universities and industries should result in improving business environment through enhancing the role of higher education in economic activities. In this study, causality relationship between higher education and business environment was investigated by an empirical model, which has been specified for Iran and the selected Asian countries including China, Malaysia, Philippine, India, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Therefore, a Granger causality approach in panel data was used to investigate causality relations between higher education and business environment indices. The relevant data was published by the World Bank-Doing Business group during 2004-2014. In addition, a regression analysis was applied to investigate the effects of higher education together with other factors such as inflation, income per-capita and entrepreneurship. In general, empirical results showed that higher education had a significant effect on business environment improvement in Iran and the other selected countries which implies a deep relationship between education, training and research with industries and universities.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Business Environment
- Higher Education
- human capital
- Transactions cost JEL Classification: I20
- L21
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