نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه پژوهش های آماری و فناوری اطلاعات، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران:
چکیده
فرهنگ سازمان و رهبری در دانشگاه شرط مهمی برای اثربخشی آن است. ظرفیت علمی و معرفتی دانشگاه فقط از این طریق می تواند به نحو مطلوب پشتیبانی و متحقق بشود. این پژوهش با روش پیمایش زمینه یابی در میان مدیران دانشگاه های دولتی شامل مناطق دهگانه در سه ردۀ مدیریت دانشگاه، دانشکده و گروه انجام شد. روش نمونه گیری طبقه ای متناسب با حجم بر حسب مناطق بود و ابزار پرسشنامه استاندارد گلوب برای قابلیت مقایسه با دیگر داده های موجود ملی و بین المللی به کار رفت. حسب مورد آزمون های زوجی، تی مستقل، تحلیل واریانس و مقایسه چندگانه توکی به عمل آمد. وضعیت فرهنگ سازمانی و فضای کار بخش اداری و مدیریتی در دانشگاه بر مبنای تجربه مدیران دانشگاهی و نیز رهبری و رفتار سازمانی مدیران دانشگاهی و اثربخشی آنها پیمایش ملی شد. وضعیت رضایت بخشی در جمع گرایی درون گروهی، خطرپذیری و برابری خواهی جنسیتی به چشم نمی خورد. هرچند در مدیران دانشگاهی شوق پیشرفت و موفقیت و ارتقای عملکرد هست، اما در رفتار سازمانی آنها عناصر حال گرایی رسوخ دارد و هر کس می خواهد نتایج آنی بگیرد به جای اینکه به انباشت نتایج در درازمدت بیندیشد. رهبران به تجربه دریافته اند که در فرهنگ موجود سازمانی، جرئت اظهار نظر به زیان آنها تمام می شود و به همین دلیل، حفظ ظاهر می کنند و این مانع اثربخشی آنها می شود. فرهنگ سازمان اداری در دانشگا ههای ایرانی هنوز درگیر سلسله مراتب گرایی ناکارآمدی است. این امر به علاوۀ ناپایداری ها سبب رشد فردگرایی خودمدار حتی در میان دانشگاهیان می شود. دانشگاهیان ایرانی انتظارات بالایی از خود دارند، اما شرایط نهادی لازم را برای آن احساس نمی کنند. شکاف میان ارزش های مورد انتظار و اعمال واقعی می تواند به «درماندگی آموخته» بینجامد و تفکر علّی و حس خودکارآمدی را کاهش بدهد. برحسب مناطق دهگانه، میان گروه های عمده تحصیلی، سطوح مدیریتی و نیز نسل های سه گانه دانشگاهی تفاوت های معناداری دیده شد و توصیه هایی سیاستی از پژوهش بر آمد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Organizational culture and leadership effectiveness at the university managerial level; GLOBE national survey in Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Maghsood Farasatkhah 1
- Reza Maniee 2
1 . Professor, Departments of Comparative Studies in Higher Education, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant professor, Departments of Statistical Research and Information Technology, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Organizational culture and leadership at the university is an important requirement for its effectiveness. Only in this way, can the scientific and epistemological capacity of the university be optimally supported and realized. This research was conducted by a field survey among public universities' administrators in ten regions and three administrative levels including university, faculty, and department. A proportional stratified sampling method appropriate to each region stratum was used. The GLOBE standard questionnaire was used to compare with other available national and international data. Paired tests, independent t-test, analysis of variance, multiple comparisons and Toki's test were used for data analysis. Based on the experience of university administrators, as well as the leadership and organizational behavior of university administrators and their effectiveness, the state of organizational culture and work environment in the administrative and managerial department of the university were nationally surveyed. Satisfactory collectivism, risk tolerance and gender egalitarianism were not observed. Although, university administrators are keen on progress and success and performance improvement, university administrators are keen on progress and success and performance improvement, but in their organizational behavior, there is the elements of tendency to the present, and everyone wants to get instant results rather than thinking about accumulating long-term results. Experienced leaders have found that in existing organizational culture, expression and courage are to their detriment. For this reason, they keep up appearances and this prevents them from being effective. Organizational culture in Iranian universities is still plagued by inefficient hierarchy. This matter, in addition to instability, leads to the growth of egoistic individualism, even among academics. Iranian academics have high expectations of themselves but they do not feel the necessary institutional conditions to implement it. The gap between expected values and actual behaviors can lead to "learned helplessness" and reduce causal thinking and self-efficacy. Significant differences were observed among ten regions, between fields of study, management levels, and three generations of academics. Policy research recommendations were presented.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- GLOBE
- Iranian universities
- Egoistic individualism
- Present-orientation
- Hierarchy
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Performance orientation
- Gender egalitarianism
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