Designing a Model for Nurturing Hybrid Entrepreneurs among University Faculty Members

The main goal of this research is designing a model for nurturing hybrid entrepreneur among faculty members. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and Grounded Theory strategy. Semi-structured interview was used as data collection tool. In order to collect data and by using the purposeful sampling method, interviews were conducted with 16 faculty members who are entrepreneurs and business owners. The validity of the research was checked using the criteria introduced by Lincoln and Guba. Data analysis was done in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The findings indicated the emergence of 200 codes and 40 concepts. Based on these concepts, the causal conditions include "economic motivations", "psychological needs", "global changes", "change in upstream policies", "high failure rate of start-ups", and "success stories of hybrid entrepreneurs". Contextual conditions include "norms and values ​​governing society and university", "basic education", "locations", "business environment confusion", "non-entrepreneurial public culture", "unhealthy competitions", "being anti-value", "cumbersome rules of the business environment", and "weakness in the education system". Furthermore, "people's personality traits", "entrepreneurial competencies", "demographic characteristics", "occupational interactions", "one-dimensionality of people's expertise", "supporting rules and regulations", "financing and exploitation of occupational relations", "weakness of university regulations", "non-entrepreneurial university system", "law enforcers", "business costs", and "weak entrepreneurial culture of faculty members" were identified as intervening conditions. In addition, serious strategies for nurturing hybrid entrepreneurs among faculty members consist of "development of business skills", "knowledge enhancement and entrepreneurship education", "motivation of people", "development of internal and external university communication", "development of infrastructures", "entrepreneurial leadership development", "discourse and culture creation", "financial support", "legal and policymaking reforms", and "using shared workspaces". Finally, nurturing hybrid entrepreneurs will result in consequences such as "educational consequences", "objective and subjective welfare of faculty members", "development of entrepreneurial university", and "social-economical development It can be concluded that various individual, occupational, cultural-social, legal, economic-environmental, and structural-institutional factors affect the development of hybrid entrepreneurs among faculty members. Therefore, to develop this category of entrepreneurs, it is necessary to develop the entrepreneurial ecosystem in universities by creating appropriate conditions and removing existing obstacles with proper planning and policymaking, and by empowering faculty members and networking, to advance the development of hybrid entrepreneurs among faculty members.