Validating a scale for measuring attitude to the global citizenship among Semnan University students

Authors
S. Talepasand 1
Y. Keshavarz 2
Z. Fateminasab 3
1 Educational Sciences, Semnan University
2 Doctoral student in Educational Administration, Semnan University
3 Master of Educational Administration, Semnan University
Abstract
A new feature of citizenship concept, as a global citizen, is emerging and evolving. The aim of this study was to validate a measure for students' attitudes toward the concept of global citizenship. The population of the study was students from Semnan University in 2016-17 academic year (N=15214). Participants were 460 students that were randomly selected from all colleges at Semnan University. The research instrument was Moraes and Ogden Global Citizen Model (2011), a 37-item questionnaire. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. Four competing models including the one-factor model; the eight first-order factor model; the eight first-order factor model with the three second-order factor; the eight first-order factor model with the three second-order factors and the one third-order factor were examined. The results showed that the second-order factor model including the eight first-order factors in the three second-order factors had a favorable fit compared to other competing models.  Thus, the three-dimensional construct of global citizen including social responsibility, global competence, and global civic engagement can be an appropriate tool for measuring the student’s attitudes toward the global citizenship concept.
1. Andrzejewski, J., & Alessio, J. (1999). Education for global citizenship and social responsibility (Progressive Perspectives: 1998-99. Monograph Series, 1(2).
2. Anthony, D., Miller, P.B., & Yarrish, K.K. (2014). An analysis of initial global citizenship in a liberal arts college in northeastern Pennsylvania. Journal of International Education Research, 10(1), 23.
3. Bok, D. (2006). Our underachieving colleges. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4. Cho, Y., & Chi, E. (2015). A comparison of attitudes related to global citizenship between Korean and Us-educated Korean university students. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 35(2), 213-225.
5. Dower, N. (2003). An introduction to global citizenship. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
6. Eftekharzadeh, S. F. (2005). Professional citizen education framework. Journal of Reports and Discussion, (13), June and July (in Persian).
7. Evans, M. (2006). Educating for citizenship: What teacher say and what teacher do. Canadian Journal of Education 29(2), 410-435.
8. Eivazi, M.R., & Babgowreh, S.H. (2012). Evolution of concept of citizenship and rise of world citizen. Politic Quarterly, 42(3), 187-205 (in Persian).
9. Hanson, L. (2010). Global citizenship, global health, and the internationalization of curriculum: A study of transformative potential. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14, 70-88.
10. Harriet, M. (2009). Educating the European citizen in the global age. Curriculum Studies, 41(2), 247-267.
11. Hartman, E. (2008). Educating for global citizenship through service learning: A theoretical account and curricular evaluation. (PHD dissertation). Pittsburg University. Retrieved from http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/9657/1/HartmanEM2008etd_final.pdf.
12. Kronfli, M. (2011). Educating for global citizenship and an exploration of two curricular methods. (MA thesis). Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto.
13. Law, W. (2007). Globalization, city development and citizenship education in China’s Shanghai. International Journal of Educational Development, 27, 18-38.
14. Mueller, R. (2011). Fundamentals of structural equation modeling: Introducing Laser and AQS Software, Translation by S. Talepasand, Semnan, Semnan University.
15. Morais, D., & Ogden, A. (2011). Initial development and validation of the global citizenship scale. Journal of Studies in International Education, 15(5), 445-466.
16. Olson, C.L., & Evans, R. (2007). At home in the world: Bridging the gap between internationalization and multicultural education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
17. Olson, C.L., & Kroeger, K.R. (2001). Global competency and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Studies in International Education, 5(2), 116-137.
18. Oxfam (2004). A curriculum for global citizenship: A guide for teachers and education workers. Oxford: Oxfam.
19. Perry, L., Stoner, K., Stoner, L., Wadsworth, D., Page, R., & Tarrant, M. (2013). The importance of global citizenship to higher education: The role of short-term study abroad. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioral Science, 3, 184-194.
20. Rabertson, R. (2001). Globalization: Social theory and global culture. Translated by K. Polladi, Tehran: Publication of Third and International Center for Discussion on Civilizations (in Persian).
21. Reysen, S., Larey, L.W., & Katzarska-Miller, I. (2012). College course curriculum and global citizenship. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 4, 27-39.
22. Sklad, M., Friedman, J., Park, E., & Oomen, B. (2016). Going Global: A qualitative and quantitative analysis of global citizenship education at a Dutch liberal arts and sciences college. Higher Education, 72, 323-340.
23. Stromquist, N., & Monkman, K. (Eds.) (2014). Globalization & education: Integration and contestation across cultures. United Kingdom: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
24. Tobiasen, M. (2000, April). Global citizenship. Paper Presented at- European Political Research. Copen-Hagen, 11-19 April.
25. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (2013). Outcome document of the technical consultation on global, citizenship education: Global citizenship education: An emerging perspective. (ED/2013/PSD/PHR/PI/4). Retrieved from http://unesdoc. unesco.org/images/0022/002241/224115E.pdf
26. Van der wende, M. (2007). Internationalization of higher education in the OECD countries: Challenges and opportunities for the coming decade. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 274-289.
27. Waters, M. (2000). Globalization. Translation by Mardani Givi, I., & Moridi, S., Tehran: Publications of Industrial Management Organization (in Persian).
28. Yigit, M.F. (2016). Citizenship perceptions of university students. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(2), 40-45.

  • Receive Date 06 March 2023
  • Revise Date 24 April 2024
  • Publish Date 06 March 2023