Nano-science and nano-technology along side molecular biology and molecular genetics and computatioanl science and information technology form the basis of the present scientific-industrial revolution. The convergence of these three fields, which takes place at the nano-scale, will lead to the emergence of revolutionary transformations in present-day science and technology. The worldwide study of the development of nano-science and nano-technology shows that these two fields are among the first national priorities in many developed, as well as developing , countries. We show that in order to actively participate in this incipient revolution, we must start forming the necesssary scientific and industrial infrastructures for the establishment and development of nano-technology in Iran.