تاملی بر تجارب دانشگاههای کشورهای پیشرو در زمینه آموزش تلفیقی؛ آموزه‌های برای دانشگاه‌های ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

موسسه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی

10.61838/irphe.29.1.2

چکیده

هدف این مطالعه بررسی تجارب دانشگاه‌های پیش‌رو در زمینه آموزش تلفیقی در کشورهای مختلف به منظور توسعه و ارتقای کیفیت آموزش تلفیقی در دانشگاه‌های ایرانی است. یادگیری تلفیقی به عنوان موج سوم محیط‌های یادگیری، بعد از محیط‌های حضوری و الکترونیکی در دانشگاه‌ها و سازمان‌های آموزشی برای پاسخگویی به تحولات جامعه (از جمله و مهم­تر از همه، گسترش جهانی ویروس کووید 19) با هدف بهبود کیفیت یادگیری، بسط دامنه پوشش و کاهش هزینه بوجود آمد. برای رسیدن به راهکارهایی مناسب در این زمینه پژوهشگر از رویکرد پژوهش کیفی و روش مطالعه تطبیقی بهره جسته است. انتخاب دانشگاه‌های پیش‌رو (بوستون آمریکا، یورک کانادا، منچستر انگلستان،آموزش هنگ کنگ، باز مالزی)در زمینه آموزش تلفیقی به استناد گزارش‌های رسمی تایمز(2021) که بر آموزش و یادگیری در دوره کرونا و آموزش‌های آنلاین به رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها پرداخته در نظر گرفته شده است. این رویکرد با هدف مطالعه همسو بوده و انتخاب دانشگاه‌ها را برای این مطالعه ممکن ساخت. افزون بر رتبه‌ دانشگاه‌ها، توزیع جغرافیایی و داده‌های در دسترس، در انتخاب آنان مدنظر قرار گرفت. با تکیه بر مبانی نظری به ویژه در قلمرو اجتماع کاوشگر در کنار بررسی مفهوم و رویکرد دانشگاه به آموزش تلفیقی، مقوله‌هایی چون ساختار نظام آموزش عالی، نوع دانشگاه، سیاست‌ها و راهبردها، شیوه مدیریت، منابع آموزشی، پشتیبانی‌های آموزشی و فناوری، شیوه تدریس، ابزار و نظام ارزشیابی برکشیده وسپس از الگوی چهار مرحله‌ای جرج برودی برای تحلیل داده‌های گردآوری شده استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان از آن دارد که هر پنج دانشگاه تعریف مشخص و نظامندی از آموزش تلفیقی به طور رسمی ارائه داده و در این راستا فعالیت‌های هدفمندی را چون توسعه زیرساخت‌های فناوری، پشتیبانی‌های آموزشی و فناوری،‌ شیوه تدریس کارآمد با توجه به ماهیت آموزش تلفیقی در این دوره‌ها پی‌گرفته‌اند. در نتیجه نگاهی به ساختار و نوع نظام‌ آموزش عالی این دانشگاه‌ها نشان از آن دارد آنان که از استقلال بیشتری برخوردار بوده‌‌اند، در ارتباط با مولفه‌های مورد مطالعه برنامه‌ریزی  و راهبرد خلاقانه‌تری را پیش‌بینی کرده‌اند. نظام پشتیبانی در هر پنج دانشگاه متناسب با شرایط فرهنگی- اجتماعی مخاطبان تدارک دیده شده است. تدریس و تعاملات حضوری بین دانشجویان و استادان در واحدهای منطقه‌ای انجام می‌شود و به گونه‌ای است که دانشجویان می‌توانند از راهنمایی‌های استادان در کلاس‌های برخط و نرم‌افزارهای راهنما در زمان آموزش نابرخط بهره‌‌گیرند. در تمامی دانشگاه‌های مورد مطالعه از ارزشیابی تکوینی و پایانی برای نظارت بر کیفیت دوره استفاده شده است. برطبق نتایج سه راهبرد (تحولات آموزشی، تحولات اجتماعی و تحولات فرهنگی ) با در نظر گرفتن زیرساخت‌های موجود کنونی آموزش مجازی در ایران، آموزه‌هایی برای آموزش تلفیقی در دانشگاه‌های ایران پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reflections on experiences of blended learning among leading countries in this field: Lessons for Iranian Higher Education

نویسنده [English]

  • zahra rashidi

, Institute for Research and Planning in Higher education

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of top universities in the field of blended education in different countries in order to develop and improve the quality of Blended education in Iran’s universities. Blended learning as the third wave of learning environments, afterwards face-to-face and electronic environments in universities and educational organizations to respond to changes in society (including and most importantly, the pandemic of Covid-19 virus) with the aim of enhancing the quality of learning, border on expanding the scope of coverage and cost reduction. In order to reach appropriate solutions in this field, the researcher has used the qualitative research approach and the comparative study method. The selection of top universities (Boston of USA, York of Canada, Manchester of England, Hong Kong education of China, Open University of Malaysia) in the field of blended education based on the official reports of the Times (2021), which considers teaching and learning in the Covid pandemic era and online education, and ranks universities. This approach is aligned with the purpose of the study and made the selection of universities possible for this study. In addition to the ranking of universities, geographical distribution and availability of data were considered in this regard. Count on theoretical foundations, specifically in the realm of the exploratory community, in addition to examining the concept and approach of the university to Blended education, categories such as the structure of the higher education system, the type of university, policies and strategies, management style, educational resources, educational and technological supports, teaching style, the tools and evaluation system were selected and then George Brody's four-stage model was used to analyze the collected data. The findings show that all five universities have officially presented a specific and systematic definition of Blended education and in this regard targeted activities such as the development of technological infrastructure, educational and technological supports, efficient teaching methods according to the nature of Blended education in this course have followed. As a result, a look at the structure and type of the higher education system of these universities illustrate that those who have enjoyed more independence have predicted a more creative planning and strategy in relation to the studied components. The support system in all five universities is prepared according to the cultural and social conditions of the audience. Teaching and face-to-face interactions between students and professors are carried out in regional units, and it is in this regard that students can benefit from professors' guidance in online classes and using software capacities during offline training. In all the studied universities, formative and final evaluation have been used to monitor the quality of the course. According to the results and these three strategies (educational changes, social changes, and cultural changes), and taking into account the existing infrastructure of virtual education in Iran, some lessons have been proposed for Blended education in Iran’s universities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • blended learning
  • comparative study
  • leading countries
  • higher education in Iran
  1.  

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