عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation in Higher Education Policy - Making and Management Practice: Some International Perspectives

چکیده [English]

Changes in the geopolitical order and societal domain, globalization of the economies, changes in the scientific and technological development necessitate steering policies and pertinent decision- making models in the different systems of higher education. Four types of steering policies - 'collegial model', 'political decision model', 'bureaucratic model' and 'entreneurial model' are presented. Trends of diminishing State intervention and encouraging entrenurial behaviour and accountability in the public sector-by Policy makers are discussed. In the historical perspective, since the late 1960's through the mid 1990's, development of several systems and tools appropriate for university management are introduced. Concepts such as PPBS, MBO, Strategic Planning and Strategic Management, Total Quality Management, and Bench Marking, applicable in the systems of higher education are shown. Within the framework of the four types steering policies, the changes and challenges in some countries of the region are discussed and the appropriate strategies are suggested. 
by: Bikas C. Sanyat Senior Adviser, IIEP