فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
بررسی وضعیت موجود و مطلوب آزادی علمی در نظام آموزش عالی ایران
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، برنامه‌ریزی درسی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه مازندران
2 دانشجوی دکتری آموزش عالی، دانشگاه مازندران
3 استاد، برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه مازندران
4 دانشیار، فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه مازندران
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعه فهم و برداشت‌های اعضای هیئت علمی از وضعیت موجود و مطلوب آزادی علمی صورت پذیرفت و برای این منظور، رویکرد پژوهش به صورت آمیخته (کیفی-کمّی) انتخاب شد. ابزار پژوهش مصاحبه و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته (75 سؤالی) شامل پنج خرده مقیاس (ابعاد آزادی علمی، چالش‌های آزادی علمی، ملزومات آزادی علمی، راهکارهای نهادینه سازی و حدود آزادی علمی) بود که محتوای سؤالات آن بر نتایج بخش کیفی (مصاحبه‌ها) و ادبیات پژوهش مبتنی بود. سؤالات پرسشنامه بر اساس کدهای استخراج شده از مصاحبه‌ها و ادبیات تدوین و گویه‌ها بر مبنای مقوله‌های اصلی و فرعی و ارتباط بین آنها انتخاب شدند. جامعه آماری در بخش کیفی 13 نفر از صاحبنظران و در بخش کمّی 325 نفر از اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه‌های کشور بودند که بر اساس فرمول کوکران و به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چند مرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و LISREL و با بهره‌گیری از آمارهای توصیفی و استنباطی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش در بخش کمّی نشان داد که در وضعیت موجود آزادی علمی، ابعاد اخلاق و حرفه علمی در زیرمؤلفه حدود آزادی علمی دارای بالاترین میانگین و بعد سیاسی و سیاستگذاران دارای کمترین میانگین و رتبه در بین مؤلفه‌های آزادی علمی بودند. همچنین وضعیت مطلوب نتایج حاکی از آن است که بعد زمینه و ساختار در زیرمؤلفه ملزومات دارای بالاترین میانگین و بعد دولتی و نهادی در زیرمؤلفه چالش‌های آزادی علمی دارای کمترین میانگین و رتبه در بین مؤلفه‌های آزادی علمی بودند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigating the current and desirable situation of academic freedom in the Iranian higher education system
نویسندگان [English]
- Samad Izadi 1
- Yousef Alipor 2
- Ebrahim Salehi-Omran 3
- Hojjat Safar-Haydari 4
1 Associate professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 PhD graduate, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
4 Associate professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
چکیده [English]
The current research was conducted with the aim of studying the understanding and perceptions of faculty members about the current and desirable state of academic freedom. For this purpose, a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) research approach was chosen. Research tools included interviews and researcher-made questionnaire (75 questions), including five subscales (dimensions of academic freedom, challenges to academic freedom, requirements of academic freedom, institutionalization strategies and limits of academic freedom). The content of these questions were based on the results of the qualitative section (interviews and research literature). Questionnaire’s questions were developed based on codes extracted from interviews and literature. The variables were selected based on main and sub-categories and the relationship between them. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included 13 experts and in the quantitative part included 325 faculty members of the country’s universities who were selected based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPPS and LISREL software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the research in the quantitative part indicated that in the status quo of academic freedom, the dimensions of ethics and academic profession under the component of the limits of academic freedom with an average of 52.3 and 26.3 had the highest average and political and policy maker’s dimensions with an average of 22.2 and 37.2 had the lowest average and rank among the components of academic freedom. Moreover, the desirable condition of the results indicated that contextual and structural dimensions under the component of requirements with an average had the highest average and the governmental and institutional dimensions under the components of academic freedom challenges had the lowest average and rank among the components of academic freedom.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Scientific freedom
- status quo
- desirable condition
- higher education system
- Iran
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