فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
شناسایی و تبیین بایسته‌های راهبرد یاددهی-یادگیری بدیعه‌پردازی، متناسب با ویژگی‌های نسلی دانشجویان در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی در آموزش عالی، دانشگاه اصفهان
2 استاد دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان
3 استاد دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اصفهان
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تبیین بایسته‌های راهبرد یاددهی-یادگیری بدیعه‌پردازی، متناسب با ویژگی‌های نسلی دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 انجام شد. طرح پژوهش آمیخته و از نوع اکتشافی متوالی (کیفی-کمّی) و روش پژوهش در قسمت کیفی بر مبنای نظریه داده‌بنیاد و در قسمت کمّی توصیفی-پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماریِ بخش کیفی صاحبنظران در دو حوزه علوم تربیتی و علوم اجتماعی بودند که نمونه از میان آنها به‌صورت هدفمند و گلوله‌برفی تا حد اشباع اطلاعات به تعداد 31 نفر ادامه یافت. جامعه آماریِ بخش کمّی شامل استادان و دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی از دانشکده‌های علوم تربیتی و علوم اجتماعی دو دانشگاه تهران و اصفهان بود که نمونه از میان آنها به تعداد 121 نفر از استادان و 349 نفر از دانشجویان به روش نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‌ای متناسب با حجم از نوع تخصیص بهینه انتخاب شدند. در بخش کیفی از ابزار مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته و در بخش کمّی از ابزار پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته استفاده شد. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه و مصاحبه طبق نظر 8 تن از متخصصان و پایایی پرسشنامه نیز از طریق آلفای کرونباخ با مقدار 90/0 مناسب برآورد شد. یافته‌ها در قسمت کیفی با رویکرد تحلیل مضمون (ساختاری و تفسیری) و در قسمت کمّی با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی تحلیل شد. بر اساس یافته‌ها مهم ترین بایسته‌های راهبرد بدیعه‌پردازی متناظر با ویژگی‌های نسلی دانشجویان عبارت اند از: تدارک فعالیت‌های خلاقانه و ایده‌پرور، خودداری از مطلق‌انگاری، تشویق ایده‌های نوآورانه، فراهم ساختن زمینه‌های تفکر چندبعدی، استفاده از روش های قیاس، استعاره و تشبیه، بهره‌گیری از روش بارش مغزی، کاربست الگوهای زیباشناسانه و توجه به خیال‌پردازی در راستای نیل به استنتاج منطقی. درنتیجه، می‌توان گفت که کاربست مؤلفه‌های مذکور به انگیزه‌مندی تحصیلی و رشد علمی دانشجویان منجر می‌شود. از این رو، پیشنهاد می‌شود به‌منظور استفاده بهینه از فرصت‌های آموزشی و تدریس اثربخش، روش‌های بیان‌شده مورد استفاده مدرسان قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Identification and explanation of synectics teaching-learning strategy ârequirements, proportionateâ to generational characteristics of students in 2020-21
نویسندگان [English]
- Ahmad Ebrahimi 1
- Seyed Ebrahim Mirshahjafari 2
- Ali Rabbani 3
1 PhD Student in Higher Education Curriculum, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Professor, Curriculum Planning Field, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 Professor, Sociology Field, Sociology Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this research was to identify and explain the requirements of synectics teaching-learning strategy appropriate to the generational characteristics of undergraduate students in 2020-21. The research design was mixed and of sequential exploratory type (qualitative-quantitative). The research method in the qualitative part was based on grounded theory and in the quantitative part was descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section was the experts in the two fields of educational and social sciences, of which the sample of them continued to be 31 people in a purposeful and snowball manner until the saturation of information. The statistical population of the quantitative section included professors and undergraduate students from the Faculties of Educational Sciences and Social Sciences of Tehran and Isfahan Universities from which a sample of 121 faculty members and 349 students were selected by quota sampling method. In the qualitative part, the semi-structured interview tool and in the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire was used. The content validity of the questionnaire and interview was estimated according to the opinion of 8 experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was also estimated through Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.90. The findings were analyzed in the qualitative part with thematic analysis approach (structural and interpretive) and in the quantitative part by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the findings, the most important requirements of the synectics strategy corresponding to the generational characteristics of the students were: preparation of creative and idea-generating activities, abstain from absolutism, encourage innovative ideas, provide multidimensional thinking contexts, using analogy, metaphor and simile techniques, using brainstorming technique, application of artistic and aesthetic models and finally attention to imagination to achieve logical inference. As a result, one can say: the application of these elements leads to academic motivation and scientific growth of today's students. Therefore, it is suggested that the mentioned methods be used by professors in order to make the best use of educational opportunities and effective teaching.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Higher Education
- Undergraduate
- synectics teaching-learning strategy
- new generation characteristics
- Iran
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