تابع تولید آموزش عالی: کاربردها، چالشها و چشم‌اندازها

نویسنده

دانشیاردانشکده علوم تربیتی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

تدوین ابزار علمی- فنی مناسب برای تحلیل، تبیین و ارزیابی تصمیم‌گیریها، فعالیتها و عملکرد واحدهای آموزش­عالی در سطوح مختلف همواره به‌عنوان مسئله­ای اساسی مطرح بوده است؛ هدف این پژوهش واکاوی و بازنمایی انواع کاربردهای اساسی تابع تولید در تحلیل فعالیتها و ستانده‌های آموزش­عالی همراه با شناسایی مسائل و چالشهای پیش‌رو بود. با استفاده از روش استنادی- تحلیلی در چارچوب رویکردی جامع‌نگر، ابتدا مأموریت و ماهیت فعالیتهای آموزش­عالی، با تأکید بر فرایند و برایند آنها در سطوح خُرد و کلان، تشریح و سپس، یازده مورد از کاربردهای راهبردی تابع تولید در چارچوب نظریه تولیدکننده شامل مشخص‌کردن منطقه عقلانی یا اقتصادی فعالیت، پیش‌بینی ستانده‌های تولید، ارزیابی میزان تأثیرگذاری و سهم هر یک از عوامل تولید در ستانده‌ها، ارزیابی کارایی فنی واحدهای آموزشی، ارزیابی اثربخشی واحدهای آموزشی، مشخص‌کردن وضعیت بازده به مقیاس، مشخص‌کردن وضعیت مکمل یا جانشین بودن عوامل تولید، تحلیل نابرابری عملکرد واحدهای آموزشی/ پژوهشی، تعیین سهم پرداختی به عوامل تولید خدمات آموزشی- پژوهشی، ارزیابی سیاستهای آموزشی و رتبه‌بندی واحدهای دانشگاهی شناسایی و تبیین شدند. همچنین مشخص شد که کاربردهای تابع تولید در آموزش­عالی با مسائل و چالشهای اساسی مواجه­اند، از جمله ماهیت چندمحصولی ستانده‌های آموزش­عالی، تنوع و تکثر عوامل تأثیرگذار بر ستانده‌ها، کیفیت ستانده‌ها و چالشهای مربوط به سنجش آن، نبود قیمت برای ستانده‌های آموزشی، تنوع واحدهای تحلیل و ساختار سلسله‌مراتبی داده‌ها، ساختار تابع تولید و مسائل مرتبط با آن، روشهای تخمین، مسائل انتخاب و درونزایی و محدودیتهای آماری. با توجه به ماهیت فعالیتها و ستانده‌های واحدهای دانشگاهی، بی‌توجهی به مسائل و چالشهای مذکور دقت و اعتبار کاربردهای تابع تولید را که در تصمیم‌گیریهای مدیریتی و سیاستگذاریها نقشی اساسی و بی‌بدیل دارند، به‌شدّت متأثر می‌سازد. در پایان، به نحوه فایق آمدن بر بخش عمده مسائل و چالشهای مورد اشاره و اینکه چگونه می‌توان از کاربردهای مورد نظر در تصمیم‌گیریها و سیاستگذاریها استفاده حداکثری به­عمل آورد، پرداخته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Higher education production function: applications, challenges, and prospects

نویسنده [English]

  • Abolghasem Naderi

Associate Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran University

چکیده [English]

Developing an appropriate scientific and technical tool to analyze, examine and evaluate decisions, activities and performance of higher education units at different levels has been always a crucial issue and task. The purpose of this research was to explore and examine many types of essential applications of production function in analyzing higher education issues along with identifying facing problems and challenges. Using an analytical-critical approach in a comprehensive approach framework, the mission and nature of higher education are discussed.  Then, eleven strategic applications of the production function in the context of firm theory including identifying rational production region, prediction of outputs, evaluating the effects and share of production factors, evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of higher education units, examining the economies of scale, ranking universities, etcetera are proposed and elaborated. It is also specified that the applications are faced with a variety of problems and challenges such as the nature of multiple outputs of higher education, diversity of effecting factors, quality assessment challenges, hierarchical structure of data and activities, specification and identification of the function, appropriateness of estimation methods, and selection and endogeneity problems. The results indicated that ignoring the issues and problems critically affect the usefulness of the applications in policy making and administering decisions. At the end, ways to overcome most of the mentioned problems and challenges and the maximum use of applications in policy makings and decision makings are discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Higher education production function
  • Human capital development
  • performance evaluation
  • University Rankings
  • Selection and endogeneity
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